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Ponazuril
Ponazuril (INN), sold by Merial, Inc., now part of Boehringer Ingelheim, under the trade name Marquis (15% w/w ponazuril), is a drug currently approved for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, caused by coccidia ''Sarcocystis neurona''. Veterinarians have been preparing a formulary version of the medication for use in small animals such as cats, dogs, and rabbits against coccidia as an intestinal parasite. Treatment for intestinal coccidia in small animals is far shorter than treatment for EPM. NOTE: Dogs suffering from seizures due to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis neurona, or other obligate intracellular coccidian protozoal parasites known to cause brain and spinal column disease, can be effectively treated using Ponazuril for a minimum of 90 days. Ponazuril is coccidiocidal, meaning that if treatment is continuous for 90 days or more, seizures may cease in dogs and other companion animals. Testi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcocystis Neurona
''Sarcocystis neurona'' is primarily a neural parasite of horses and its management is of concern in veterinary medicine. The protozoan ''Sarcocystis neurona'' is a protozoan of single celled character and belongs to the family Sarcocystidae, in a group called coccidia.Beltsville Mneurona''"'United States Department of Agriculture'' The protozoan, ''S. neurona'', is a member of the genus ''Sarcocystis'', and is most commonly associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). ''S. neurona'' can be easily cultivated and genetically manipulated, hence its common use as a model to study numerous aspects of cell biology. Life cycle ''Sarcocystis neurona'' has a wide range of potential intermediate hosts, making it one of the most unique life cycle of the genus ''Sarcocystis''. The life cycle of this parasite requires two hosts, a definitive and an intermediate host. The definitive host of ''S. neurona'' are opossums, and more specifically opossums of species ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clazuril
Clazuril is a drug used in veterinary medicine as a coccidiostat. See also * Diclazuril * Ponazuril * Toltrazuril Toltrazuril is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidia, which are microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to ... References Veterinary drugs Antiprotozoal agents 4-Chlorophenyl compounds {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TrkB Agonists
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK2'' gene. TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The standard pronunciation for this protein is "track bee". Function Tropomyosin receptor kinase B is the high affinity catalytic receptor for several "neurotrophins", which are small protein growth factors that induce the survival and differentiation of distinct cell populations. The neurotrophins that activate TrkB are: BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). As such, TrkB mediates the multiple effects of these neurotrophic factors, which includes neuronal differentiation and survival. Research has shown that activation of the TrkB receptor can lead to down regulation of the KCC2 chloride transporter in cells of the CNS. In addition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccidia
Coccidia (Coccidiasina) are a subclass of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. As obligate intracellular parasites, they must live and reproduce within an animal cell. Coccidian parasites infect the intestinal tracts of animals, and are the largest group of apicomplexan protozoa. Infection with these parasites is known as coccidiosis. Coccidia can infect all mammals, some birds, some fish, some reptiles, and some amphibians. Most species of coccidia are species-specific in their host. An exception is '' Toxoplasma gondii'', which can infect all mammals, although it can only undergo sexual reproduction in cats. Depending on the species of coccidia, infection can cause fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, and nervous system effects and changes to behavior, and may lead to death. Healthy adults may recover without medication—but those who are immunocompromised or young almost certainly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diclazuril
Diclazuril (trade name Vecoxan) is a coccidiostat. See also * Clazuril * Ponazuril * Toltrazuril Toltrazuril is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidia, which are microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to ... References Antiparasitic agents Nitriles Chlorobenzene derivatives Triazines Lactams Ureas 4-Chlorophenyl compounds {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TrkB
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK2'' gene. TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The standard pronunciation for this protein is "track bee". Function Tropomyosin receptor kinase B is the high affinity catalytic receptor for several "neurotrophins", which are small protein growth factors that induce the survival and differentiation of distinct cell populations. The neurotrophins that activate TrkB are: BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). As such, TrkB mediates the multiple effects of these neurotrophic factors, which includes neuronal differentiation and survival. Research has shown that activation of the TrkB receptor can lead to down regulation of the Chloride potassium symporter 5, KCC2 chloride transporter in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenyl Ethers
Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl. It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents. Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings. Properties and occurrence Biphenyl is a solid at room temperature, with a mel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equine Medications
Equinae is a subfamily of the family Equidae, known from the Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene (16 million years ago) onwards. They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a monophyletic grouping. Members of the subfamily are referred to as equines; the only extant equines are the horses, asses, and zebras of the genus ''Equus'', with two other genera ''Haringtonhippus'' and ''Hippidion'' becoming extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11–12,000 years ago. The subfamily contains two tribes, the Equini and the Hipparionini, as well as two unplaced genera, ''Merychippus'' and ''Scaphohippus''. Members of the family ancestrally had three toes, while members of the tribe Equini from the Middle Miocene onwards developed monodactyl feet. Sister taxa * Anchitheriinae * Hyracotheriinae ''Hyracotherium'' ( ; " hyrax-like beast") is an extinct genus of small (about 60 cm in length) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidia, which are microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. Mechanism of action Toltrazuril works by interfering with the protozoa's ability to reproduce. It disrupts the division of the protozoal nucleus and damages the cell membrane of the parasites. This action results in the destruction of the coccidia at all stages of their life cycle. Use in veterinary medicine Toltrazuril is widely used in veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, medical diagnosis, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in non-human animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all a ... to treat coccidiosis in various animals, including poultry, pigs, cattle, sheep, and compani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TrkA
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), also known as high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTKR) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself ( autophosphorylation) and members of the MAPK pathway. The presence of this kinase leads to cell differentiation and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, self-mutilating behaviors, intellectual disability and/or cognitive impairment and certain cancers. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been found, but only three have been characterized to date. Function and Interaction with NGF TrkA is the high affinity catal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
