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Plac Zbawiciela (film)
Saviour Square (Polish: ''Plac Zbawiciela'') is an urban square and roundabout in Downtown, Warsaw, Poland. It is formed by the intersection of Marszałkowska Street, Mokotowska Street, Nowowiejska Street, and Emancipation Avenue. The square was originally constructed about 1768. It is surrounded by postwar tenements of the Marshal Residential District, several prewar tenements, and the early-20th-century Church of the Holiest Saviour. History The square was developed around 1768, as part of the Stanislavian Axis, an urban layout made of five circular squares and roads, connecting Warsaw with Ujazdów Castle, developed from the initiative of king Stanisław August Poniatowski. It was designed by Jan Chrystian Schuch. Due to its shape, it was known as the ''Rotunda''.Eugeniusz Szwankowski: ''Ulice i place Warszawy''. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1970, p. 264. (in Polish) In 1784, from the initiative of king Stanisław August Poniatowski, alongside Nowowiejsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ujazdów, Warsaw
Ujazdów () is a prominent neighbourhood situated in central Warsaw, the capital of Poland. It is the southernmost part of the Downtown (Śródmieście, Warsaw, Śródmieście) district, next to Solec, Warsaw, Solec and historical Frascati, Warsaw, Frascati. The main thoroughfare passing through the neighbourhood is Ujazdów Avenue; the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland), Foreign Ministry and the Belweder Palace are located on or in the vicinity of the street. Ujazdów is an affluent neighbourhood, with villas, palaces and parks comprising most of its area. The most notable landmarks are the Łazienki Park and Palace on the Isle, the 18th century summer residence of Poland's last monarch Stanisław II Augustus. History The name derives from a 13th-century defensive fort (''gród'') and manor called Jazdów which belonged to the Mazovia, Masovian Dukes; its purpose was to defend the nearby settlement of Solec, Warsaw, Solec, which w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Army Museum
Museum of the Polish Army () is a museum in Warsaw documenting the military history of Poland. Established in 1920 under the Second Polish Republic, it formerly occupied a wing of the building of the Polish National Museum and now occupies a building of its own at the Warsaw Citadel, as well as several branches in Poland. It is Warsaw's second largest museum and the largest collection of military objects in Poland. The collection illustrates a thousand years of Polish military history, from the 10th century to the Second World War. Establishment Opened in 1920, the museum expanded in 1993 with the Museum of Katyn and the Museum of Polish Military Technology opened in the 9th Czerniakowski Fort. Collections The forecourt of the museum houses several dozen armoured vehicles, artillery pieces and aircraft, an eclectic mix of Soviet, western and Polish equipment, mostly from the World War II era. The indoor galleries concentrate on the military history of Poland since the 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistula
The Vistula (; ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (''Biała Wisełka'') and the Black Little Vistula (''Czarna Wisełka''). It flows through Poland's largest cities, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (''Zalew Wiślany'') or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a river delta, delta of six main branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa). The river has many associations with culture of Poland, Polish culture, history and national identity. It is Poland's most important wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narutowicz Square
Narutowicz Square (Polish: ''Plac Narutowicza'', ) is a city square located in the Ochota district in Warsaw, Poland. The site is named after Gabriel Narutowicz, the first president of the Second Polish Republic. His monument was inaugurated here in 2002. History The square was laid out in 1923 at the junction of Grojecka and Filtrowa Streets to facilitate the expansion of the district of Ochota and service the city center. Notable buildings on the square include: * Dormitory "Akademik" of the Warsaw University of Technology, at 5 Akademicka Street. * Former revenue house A revenue house is a type of multi-family residential house with specific architecture which evolved in Europe during 18th–19th centuries and became a precursor of what is now known as a rental apartment house and a tenement. In various Europe ... of the Postal Saving Office at 68 Filtrowa Street * Church of the Immaculate Conception of Blessed Virgin Mary, home to the parish of St James the Apostle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Festung Warschau
In the German language, ''Festung Warschau'' ("Fortress Warsaw") is the term used to refer to a fortified and well-defended Warsaw. In the 20th century, the term was in use on three occasions during World War I and World War II. It was used when the Germans threw back the Russian advance in 1914, where Warsaw came within distance of the fighting in October. The term resurfaced during the September 1939 German invasion of Poland. Later in the second war, the term resurfaced between July 1944 and January 1945, when the retreating Germans tried to establish a defense in the city against the advancing Soviet Union. 1939 During the invasion of Poland in 1939 the German troops reached the outskirts of Warsaw on 9 September. The Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) assumed that the unfortified city damaged by countless terror bombing raids would be taken by German motorized units without any resistance and issued a press and radio release stating that the capital of Poland was taken. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete or ferro-concrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (known as rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. However, post-tensioning is also employed as a technique to reinforce the concrete. In terms of volume used annually, it is one of the most common engineering materials. In corrosion engineering terms, when designed correctly, the alkalinity of the concrete protects the steel rebar from corrosion. Description Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Poland (1939–1945)
During World War II, Poland was occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union following the invasion in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945. Throughout the entire course of the occupation, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (USSR), both of which intended to eradicate Poland's culture and subjugate its people. In the summer-autumn of 1941, the lands which were annexed by the Soviets were overrun by Germany in the course of the initially successful German attack on the USSR. After a few years of fighting, the Red Army drove the German forces out of the USSR and crossed into Poland from the rest of Central and Eastern Europe. Sociologist Tadeusz Piotrowski argues that both occupying powers were hostile to the existence of Poland's sovereignty, people, and the culture and aimed to destroy them. Before Operation Barbarossa, Germany and the Soviet Union coordinated th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trams In Warsaw
The Warsaw tram network is a The figure given in the source is of single track in passenger service. It is assumed that the length of all routes (nearly all of them being double track) is about half that figure. tram system serving a third of Warsaw, Poland, and serving half the city's population. It operates 726 cars, and is the second-largest system in the country (after the Silesian Interurbans, Silesian system). There are about 25 regular lines, forming a part of the city's integrated public transport system organized by the Warsaw Transport Authority. Since 1994, the system is operated by the municipally-owned company Tramwaje Warszawskie Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, sp. z.o.o. History Horse tram The history of tram transport in Warsaw dates back to 1866 when a long horse tram line was built to transport goods and passengers between the Warszawa Centralna railway station, Vienna Railway Station and the Warszawa Wileńska station, Petersburg and War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horsecar
A horsecar, horse-drawn tram, horse-drawn streetcar (U.S.), or horse-drawn railway (historical), is a tram or streetcar pulled by a horse. Summary The horse-drawn tram (horsecar) was an early form of public transport, public rail transport, which developed out of wagonway, industrial haulage routes that had long been in existence, and from the Omnibus (Horse-drawn vehicle), horse-drawn omnibus routes that first ran on public streets in the 1820s, using the newly improved iron or steel rail or 'Tramway (industrial), tramway'. They were local versions of the stagecoach lines and picked up and dropped off passengers on a regular route, without the need to be pre-hired. Horsecars on tramlines were an improvement over the omnibus, because the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on iron or steel track (rail transport), rails (usually Rail profile#Grooved rail, grooved Tram#History, from 1852 on) allowed the horses to haul a greater load for a given effort than the omnibus, and ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
