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Piper Guineense
''Piper guineense'' is a West African species of ''Piper''; the spice derived from its dried fruit is known as Ashanti pepper, Benin pepper, Edo pepper, false cubeb, Guinea cubeb, and called locally ''kale'', ''kukauabe'', ''masoro'', ''etiñkeni'', ''sasema'', ''soro wisa'', ''eyendo'', ''eshasha'' by the Urhobo people, Iyere, or ata-iyere by the Yoruba and oziza and uziza by the Igbo people of Nigeria. It is a close relative of cubeb pepper and a relative of black pepper and long pepper. Unlike cubeb, which is large and spherical in shape, Ashanti pepper grains are prolate spheroids, smaller and smoother than Cubeb pepper in appearance and generally bear a reddish tinge. The stalks of Ashanti pepper berries are also distinctly curved whilst those of cubeb pepper are completely straight. The terms West African pepper and Guinea pepper have also been used, but are ambiguous and may refer to grains of Selim or grains of paradise. The plants that provide Ashanti pepper are vines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher
Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher (15 November 1757 in Glückstadt, Holstein – 9 December 1830) was a Denmark, Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy at the University of Copenhagen. Schumacher carried out significant research work in malacology, in other words on molluscs, and described several taxon, taxa. Life Early years (1757-1778) He was born to Joachim Christian Schumacher, a sergeant in the infantry of the Duchy of Schleswig, and his wife, Caroline Magdalene in Glückstadt in present-day Germany. In spite of his family's limited means, he received a good upbringing, and was sent to grammar school in Rendsburg. After confirmation became the apprentice of the regiment surgeon, Mehl, a learned and skilled man, who gave his eager student a thorough introduction to both medicine and botany, thereby waking Schumacher's natural gift for science. By 1773, at the age of 16, his keen efforts got him appointed as a military surgeon with his father's battalion in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piperine
Piperine, possibly along with its isomer chavicine, is the compound responsible for the pungency of black pepper and long pepper via activation of TRPV1. It has been used in some forms of traditional medicine. Preparation Extraction Due to its poor solubility in water, piperine is typically extracted from black pepper by using organic solvents like dichloromethane or ethanol. The amount of piperine varies from 1–2% in long pepper, to 5–10% in commercial white and black peppers. Piperine can also be prepared by treating the solvent-free residue from a concentrated alcoholic extract of black pepper with a solution of potassium hydroxide to remove resin (said to contain chavicine, an isomer of piperine). The solution is decanted from the insoluble residue and left to stand overnight in alcohol. During this period, the alkaloid slowly crystallizes from the solution. Chemical synthesis Piperine has been synthesized by the action of piperonoyl chloride on piperidine. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashanti Pepper Dried Fruit
Ashanti may refer to: * Ashanti people, an ethnic group in West Africa ** Ashanti Empire, a pre-colonial West African state in what is now southern Ghana ** Ashanti dialect or Asante, a literary dialect of the Akan language of southern Ghana ** Ashanti Region, a region within Ghana ** Ashanti (Crown Colony), a United Kingdom colony 1901–1957 in what is now Ghana * Ashanti (singer) (born 1980), American singer-songwriter and actress ** ''Ashanti'' (album), a 2002 album by Ashanti * ''Ashanti'' (1979 film), an American film * ''Ashanti'' (1982 film), an Indian film * HMS ''Ashanti'' (F51), a Tribal-class destroyer launched in 1937 * HMS ''Ashanti'' (F117), a Tribal-class frigate launched in 1959 People with the given name * Ashanti Alston (born 1954), former Black Panther Party member * Ashanti Johnson, American geochemist and chemical oceanographer * Ashanti Obi (born 1952), Nigerian sprinter *Backxwash, Zambian-Canadian rapper-singer See also * Asante (other) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Africa
Central Africa (French language, French: ''Afrique centrale''; Spanish language, Spanish: ''África central''; Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''África Central'') is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Middle Africa is an analogous term used by the United Nations in its United Nations geoscheme for Africa, geoscheme for Africa and consists of the following countries: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The United Nations Office for Central Africa also includes Burundi and Rwanda in the region, which are considered part of East Africa in the geoscheme. These eleven countries are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Six of those countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo) are also members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
Dieppe (; ; or Old Norse ) is a coastal Communes of France, commune in the Seine-Maritime departments of France, department, Normandy (administrative region), Normandy, northern France. Dieppe is a seaport on the English Channel at the mouth of the river Arques (river), Arques. A regular ferry service runs to Newhaven, East Sussex, Newhaven in England. Famous for its scallops, Dieppe also has a popular Shingle beach, pebbled beach, a 15th-century castle and the churches of James, son of Zebedee, Saint-Jacques and Saint Remigius, Saint-Remi. The mouth of the river Scie (river), Scie lies at Hautot-sur-Mer, directly to the west of Dieppe. The inhabitants of the town of Dieppe are called () and () in French. History First recorded as a small fishing settlement in 1030, Dieppe was an important prize fought over during the Hundred Years' War. It housed Dieppe maps, the most advanced French school of cartography in the 16th century. Two of France's best navigators, Michel le V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouen
Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area () is 702,945 (2018). People from Rouen are known as ''Rouennais''. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman and Angevin kings of England, Angevin dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. From the 13th century onwards, the city experienced a remarkable economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of textile factories and river trade. Claimed by both the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried and burned alive on 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, and ''Plants of the World Online'' 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), making it the largest genus among the conifers. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely species distribution, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of boreal forest, but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Wood from pine trees is one of the most extensively used types of timber, and some pines are widely used as Christmas trees. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reachin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apiole
Apiole is a phenylpropene, also known as apiol, parsley apiol, or parsley camphor. Its chemical name is 1-allyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene. It is found in the essential oils of celery leaf and all parts of parsley. Heinrich Christoph Link, an apothecary in Leipzig, discovered the substance in 1715 as greenish crystals reduced by steam from oil of parsley. In 1855, Joret and Homolle discovered that ''apiol'' was an effective treatment of amenorrea or lack of menstruation. In medicine it has been used, as essential oil or in purified form, for the treatment of menstrual disorders and as an abortifacient. It is an irritant and, in high doses, it can cause liver and kidney damage. Cases of death due to attempted abortion using apiole have been reported. Hippocrates wrote about parsley as an herb to cause an abortion. Plants containing apiole were used by women in the Middle Ages to terminate pregnancies. Now that safer methods of abortion are available, apiol is almost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dillapiol
Dillapiole is an organic chemical compound and essential oil commonly extracted from dill weed, though it can be found in a variety of other plants such as fennel root. This compound is closely related to apiole, having a methoxy group positioned differently on the benzene ring. Dillapiole works synergically with certain insecticides like pyrethrins similarly to piperonyl butoxide, which likely results from inhibition of the MFO enzyme of insects. No carcinogenicity was detected with parsley apiol or dill apiol in mice. See also * Pseudodillapiole References See also * Apiole * Phenylpropene Phenylpropenes broadly are compounds containing a phenyl ring bonded to propene, more specifically those with an allyl group bonded to a benzene ring, having the parent structure of allylbenzene. These comprise a class of phenylpropanoids, where ... Phenylpropenes O-methylated phenylpropanoids Benzodioxoles Allyl compounds Pyrogallol ethers Hydroxyquinol ethers {{ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safrole
Safrole is an organic compound with the formula CH2O2C6H3CH2CH=CH2. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. A member of the phenylpropanoid family of natural products, it is found in sassafras plants, among others. Small amounts are found in a wide variety of plants, where it functions as a natural antifeedant. '' Ocotea pretiosa'', which grows in Brazil, and '' Sassafras albidum'', which grows in eastern North America, are the main natural sources of safrole. It has a characteristic "sweet-shop" aroma. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, the fragrance piperonal via isosafrole, and the empathogenic/entactogenic substance MDMA. History Safrole was obtained from a number of plants, but especially from the sassafras tree ('' Sassafras albidum''), which is native to North America, and from Japanese star anise ('' Illicium anisatum'', called ''shikimi'' in Japan). In 1844, the French chemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elemicin
Elemicin is a phenylpropene, a natural organic compound, and is a constituent of several plant species' essential oils. Natural occurrence Elemicin is a constituent of the oleoresin and the essential oil of '' Canarium luzonicum'' (also referred to as elemi). Elemicin is named after this tree. One study found it to compose 2.4% of the fresh essential oil. Elemicin is also present in the oils of the spices nutmeg and mace, with it composing 2.4% and 10.5% of those oils respectively. Structurally, elemicin is similar to myristicin, differing only by myristicin's methyl group that joins the two oxygen atoms that make up its dioxymethy moiety, with both constituents being found in nutmeg and mace. Isolation Elemicin was first isolated from elemi oil using vacuum distillation. Specifically, the substance was collected between 162-165 °C at a reduced pressure of 10 torr. Preparation Elemicin has been synthesized from syringol and allyl bromide using Williamson ether syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
