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Pick-and-place Machine
Surface-mount technology (SMT) component placement systems, commonly called pick-and-place machines or P&Ps, are robotic machines which are used to place surface-mount devices (SMDs) onto a printed circuit board (PCB). They are used for high speed, high precision placing of a broad range of electronic components (such as capacitors, resistors, and integrated circuits) onto the PCBs which are in turn used in computers, consumer electronics, and industrial, medical, automotive, military and telecommunications equipment. Similar equipment exists for through-hole components. This type of equipment is sometimes used to package microchips using the flip chip method. History 1980s and 1990s During this time, a typical SMT assembly line employed two different types of pick-and-place (P&P) machines arranged in sequence. The unpopulated board was fed into a rapid placement machine. These machines, sometimes called chip shooters, place mainly low-precision, simple package component ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pick And Place Internals Of Surface Mount Machine
Pick may refer to: Places * Pick City, North Dakota, a town in the United States * Pick Lake (Cochrane District, Ontario), a lake in Canada * Pick Lake (Thunder Bay District), a lake in Canada * Pick Mere, a lake in Pickmere, England People with the name * Pick (surname), a list of people with this name * nickname of Percy Charles Pickard (1915–1944), British Royal Air Force pilot * Pick Temple (1911–1991), American folk singer and children's television star * Pick Withers (born 1948), drummer for the English rock band Dire Straits Arts, entertainment, and media * Plectrum or pick, a device for strumming a stringed instrument :*Guitar pick, specific to guitars and similar instruments * The Picks, a vocal quartet which backed Buddy Holly and the Crickets in 1957 * Pick (TV channel), a British television channel * "The Pick", an episode of the television show ''Seinfeld'' * Odds and evens or pick, a hand game * Pick (film), short drama film, directed by Alicia K. Harris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suction Cup
A suction cup, also known as a sucker, is a device or object that uses the negative Pressure#Fluid pressure, fluid pressure of air or water to adhere to Porosity, nonporous surfaces, creating a Vacuum, partial vacuum. Suction cups occur in nature on the bodies of some animals such as octopuses and squid, and have been reproduced artificially for numerous purposes. Theory The working face of the suction cup is made of elastic, flexible material and has a curved surface. When the center of the suction cup is pressed against a flat, non-Porous medium, porous surface, the volume of the space between the suction cup and the flat surface is reduced, which causes the air or water between the cup and the surface to be expelled past the rim of the circular cup. The cavity which develops between the cup and the flat surface has little to no air or water in it because most of the fluid has already been forced out of the inside of the cup, causing a lack of pressure. The pressure differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Component Placement
Component placement is an electronics manufacturing process that places electrical components precisely on printed circuit boards (PCBs) to create electrical interconnections between functional components and the interconnecting circuitry in the PCBs (leads-pads). The component leads must be accurately immersed in the solder paste previously deposited on the PCB pads. The next step after component placement is soldering. Placement inputs * Flexible placer, chip shooter, and other specialized machines. * PWB with solder print. * Components supplied by feeders. * Computer files: computer program controls location of each component on the PWB (X, Y and angular theta), feeder inventory levels, placement machine vacuum holder capability, automatic component realignment, placement accuracy, vision systems, and transportation of PCBs through the line. Placement process Basic placement sequence generally includes: board indexing, board registration, fiducial vision alignment, component ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhesive
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation. The use of adhesives offers certain advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing, mechanical fastenings, and welding. These include the ability to bind different materials together, the more efficient distribution of stress across a joint, the cost-effectiveness of an easily mechanized process, and greater flexibility in design. Disadvantages of adhesive use include decreased stability at high temperatures, relative weakness in bonding large objects with a small bonding surface area, and greater difficulty in separating objects during testing. Adhesives are typically organized by the method of adhesion followed by ''reactive'' or ''non-reactive'', a term which refers to whether the adhesive chemically reacts in order to harden. Alternatively, they can be organized either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solder Paste
Solder paste is a preparation of powdered solder in sticky Flux (metallurgy), flux paste primarily used to solder surface mount components onto printed circuit boards. It is also possible to solder through-hole pin in paste components by printing solder paste in and over the holes. The sticky paste temporarily holds components in place; the board is then heated, melting the paste and forming a mechanical bond as well as an electrical connection. Use Solder paste is typically used in a Stencil printing, stencil printing process by a solder paste printer, in which paste is deposited over a stainless steel or polyester mask to create the desired pattern on a printed circuit board. The paste may be dispensed Pneumatics, pneumatically, by pin transfer (where a grid of pins is dipped in solder paste and then applied to the board), or by jet printing (where the paste is ejected onto the pads through nozzles, like an inkjet printer). After paste printing, the components are placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions). Substances usually contract with decreasing temperature (thermal contraction), with rare exceptions within limited temperature ranges ('' negative thermal expansion''). Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. As energy in particles increases, they start moving faster and faster, weakening the intermolecular forces between them and therefore expanding the substance. When a substance is heated, molecules begin to vibrate and move more, usually creating more distance between themselves. The relative expansion (also called strain) divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of linear thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. Prediction If an equation of state is available, it can be used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiduciary Marker
A fiducial marker or fiducial is an object placed in the field of view of an image for use as a point of reference or a measure. It may be either something placed into or on the imaging subject, or a mark or set of marks in the reticle of an optical instrument. Applications Microscopy In high-resolution optical microscopy, fiducials can be used to actively stabilize the field of view. Stabilization to better than 0.1 nm is achievable. Physics In physics, 3D computer graphics, and photography, fiducials are reference points: fixed points or lines within a scene to which other objects can be related or against which objects can be measured. Cameras outfitted with Réseau plates produce these reference marks (also called Réseau crosses) and are commonly used by NASA. Such marks are closely related to the timing marks used in optical mark recognition. Geographical survey Airborne geophysical surveys also use the term "fiducial" as a sequential reference number in the mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image
An image or picture is a visual representation. An image can be Two-dimensional space, two-dimensional, such as a drawing, painting, or photograph, or Three-dimensional space, three-dimensional, such as a carving or sculpture. Images may be displayed through other media, including a Projector, projection on a surface, activation of electronic signals, or Display device, digital displays; they can also be reproduced through mechanical means, such as photography, printmaking, or Photocopier, photocopying. Images can also be Animation, animated through digital or physical processes. In the context of signal processing, an image is a distributed amplitude of color(s). In optics, the term ''image'' (or ''optical image'') refers specifically to the reproduction of an object formed by light waves coming from the object. A ''volatile image'' exists or is perceived only for a short period. This may be a reflection of an object by a mirror, a projection of a camera obscura, or a scene d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Optical Inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is an automated visual inspection of printed circuit board (PCB) (or LCD, transistor) manufacture where a camera machine vision, autonomously scans the device under test for both catastrophic failure (e.g. missing component) and Product defect, quality defects (e.g. fillet size or shape or component skew). It is commonly used in the manufacturing process because it is a non-contact test method. It is implemented at many stages through the manufacturing process including bare board inspection, solder paste inspection (SPI), pre-reflow and post-re-flow as well as other stages. Historically, the primary place for AOI systems has been after solder re-flow or "post-production." Mainly because, post-re-flow AOI systems can inspect for most types of defects (component placement, solder shorts, missing solder, etc.) at one place in the line with one single system. In this way the faulty boards are reworked and the other boards are sent to the next process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clamp (tool)
A clamp is a fastener, fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. In the United Kingdom the term cramp is often used instead when the tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and woodworking; thus a C clamp, G cramp or a sash clamp but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp. There are many types of clamps available for many different purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent. In the field of animal husbandry, using a clamp to attach an animal to a stationary object is known as "rounded clamping." A physical clamp of this type is also used to refer to an obscure investment banking term, "fund clamps." Anything that performs the action of clamping may be called a clamp, so this gives rise to a wide variety of terms across many fields. Types Temporary These clamps (or cram ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plotter
A plotter is a machine that produces vector graphics drawings. Plotters draw lines on paper using a pen, or in some applications, use a knife to cut a material like Polyvinyl chloride, vinyl or leather. In the latter case, they are sometimes known as a cutting plotter. In the past, plotters were used in applications such as computer-aided design, as they were able to produce line drawings much faster and of a higher quality than contemporary conventional printers. Smaller desktop plotters were often used for business graphics. Printers with graphics capabilities took away some of the market by the early 1980s, and the introduction of laser printers in the mid-1980s largely eliminated the use of plotters from most roles. Plotters retained a niche for producing very large drawings for many years, but have now largely been replaced by wide-format printer, wide-format conventional printers. Cutting plotters remain in use in a number of industries. Overview Digitally controlled pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PCB Assembly
A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. PCBs are used to connect or "wire" components to one another in an electronic circuit. Electrical components may be fixed to conductive pads on the outer layers, generally by soldering, which both electrically connects and mechanically fastens the components to the board. Another manufacturing process adds vias, metal-lined drilled holes that enable electrical interconnections between conductive layers, to boards with more than a single side. Printed circuit boards are used in nearly all electronic products today. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction, both once popular but now rarel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
