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Pholiota
''Pholiota'' is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species. ''Pholiota'' is derived from the Greek word ''pholis'', meaning "scale". Taxonomic details The genus ''Pholiota'' includes mushrooms, with scaly, glutinous to dry cap surfaces, and that frequently grow on wood or at the bases of trees or on decaying tree roots, and spores that are brown, light brown, or yellowish brown in deposit. These spores are smooth with a germ pore, although the germ pore can be quite narrow in species. Usually the species have pleurocystidia that include a type called chrysocystidia. There have been several varying concepts of the genus, ranging from a pre-molecular era very broad concept that nowadays would include the genera '' Phaeolepiota'', '' Phaeonematoloma'', '' Flammula'', '' Meottomyces'', some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemistropharia
''Hemistropharia'' is a genus of agarics of unclear classification, though possibly related to the Hymenogastraceae or Tubarieae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ''Hemistropharia albocrenulata''. This species, originally named ''Agaricus albocrenulatus'' by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1873, is synonymous with the names ''Pholiota albocrenulata'' (Peck) Sacc. and ''Stropharia albocrenulata'' (Peck) Kreisel, among others. The orangish cap is up to wide and the stem is up to long. The spore print is brown. It is reportedly nonpoisonous. The genus most closely resembles a typical '' Pholiota'' where it was previously classified and described and it causes a decay in trees as does a true ''Pholiota''. Unlike ''Pholiota'', ''H. albocrenulata'' lacks chrysocystidia, and it has darker basidiospores. See also * List of Agaricales genera This is a list of fungal genus, genera in the order (biology), order Agaricales. The list follows Kalichman, Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meottomyces
''Meottomyces'' is a small genus of relatively nondescript, fleshy, brown mushrooms related to ''Tubaria''. In older classifications it had been included in ''Pholiota'', ''Phaeogalera'', or ''Hemipholiota''. Modern molecular evidence suggested recognition of a separate genus when sequences of a collection first identified as ''Pholiota oedipus'', now reclassified in ''Meottomyces'', revealed a unique branch. Subsequently, that species was studied by Holec and later as ''Phaeogalera oedipus'' was shown to be distinct from ''Tubaria'' but not the type of ''Phaeogalera'' itself. Additional phylogenetic support was provided by Gitte Petersen and others, who clearly showed a separation from ''Phaeogalera''. The genus was erected by Vizzini, for two species and two varieties, all former members of ''Pholiota ''Pholiota'' is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. Genera * The genus ''Stropharia'' mainly consists of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore-print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species with rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group, as presently delimited, is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of ''Stropharia'' are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeonematoloma
''Phaeonematoloma'' is a small genus of slender, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae with large, brownish spores with a germ pore and with conspicuous chrysocystidia. The genus has several assigned species but may be monotypic. The type species, ''Phaeonematoloma myosotis'', grows along the edges of bogs in peaty soils and sometimes amongst ''Sphagnum'' or other mosses. This type species has been classified in ''Pholiota'', ''Flammula'', and in ''Hypholoma'' or the latter's synonymous generic name, ''Nematoloma'', from which the generic name ''Phaeonematoloma'' is derived. Unlike ''Hypholoma'' (''Nematoloma''), ''Phaeonematoloma'' was originally partially differentiated by its brown spore print without the purplish colors of a "''Nematoloma''". Modern molecular evidence supports the recognition of ''Phaeonematoloma'' as an independent genus separate from ''Hypholoma'' and ''Pholiota ''Pholiota'' is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipholiota
''Hemipholiota'' is a genus of agaric fungi in the order Agaricales. It was originally proposed by Rolf Singer in 1962 as a subgenus of '' Pholiota'' to contain species with absent or sparse pleurocystidia and absent chrysocystidia. Henri Romagnesi raised it to generic status in 1980, but this naming was invalid as it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all tho .... Marcel Bon published the genus validly in 1986. Molecular analyses revealed that ''Hemipholiota'' was distinct from '' Pholiota'' and also from a new genus '' Hemistropharia'' that had been classified with ''Hemipholiota''. Both genera fall outside of the Strophariaceae. The generic name required conservation a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (Stipe (mycology), stipe), a cap (Pileus (mycology), pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. Lamella (mycology), lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flammula
''Flammula'' is a dark brown-spored genus of mushrooms that cause a decay of trees, on whose bases they often fruit, forming clusters of yellowish brown mushrooms. Taxonomy For nearly a century, ''Flammula'' was considered to be a synonym of ''Pholiota'', a mushroom genus in the Strophariaceae. Molecular analysis placed it outside of the Strophariaceae and specifically in the Hymenogastraceae. As a distinct genus, the name ''Flammula'' is currently used. References Hymenogastraceae Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{Hymenogastraceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stropharia
The genus ''Stropharia'' (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible '' Stropharia rugosoannulata'' and the blue-green verdigris agarics ('' Stropharia aeruginosa'' and allies). ''Stropharia'' are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' is regarded as prized and delicious when young and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates. Taxonomy The scientific name is derived from the Greek 'στροφος/strophos' meaning "belt", in reference to the annulus present on the stipe. Spore print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown with a white edge at maturity, except for a few species that have rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group as presently de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuehneromyces
''Kuehneromyces'' is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Strophariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith in 1946. The genus name of ''Kuehneromyces'' is in honour of Robert Kühner (1903-1996), who was a French mycologist most notable for reviewing many agaric. The best known species in the genus is '' K. mutabilis'', the sheathed woodtuft, which – despite closely resembling the deadly galerina,'' Galerina marginata'', – is a popular edible mushroom in Europe that can also be cultivated on wood. See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of fungal genus, genera in the order (biology), order Agaricales. The list follows Kalichman, Kirk & Matheny (2020), with more recent additions and amendments, as noted. The number of species in each family is taken from Catalogue of ... References Bolbitiaceae Agaricales genera Taxa named by Alexander H. Smith Taxa named by Rolf Singer Taxa described in 1946 {{Agaric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germ Pore
A germ pore is a small pore in the outer wall of a fungal spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be wikt:apical, apical or eccentric in its location, and, on light microscopy, may be visualized as a lighter coloured area on the cell wall. Apical germ pore is mushroom spore which has a pore at one end. Some spores have a hole in the cell wall where the first strand of germinating mycelium emerges. If the cell wall is divided from one end to the other, this is called a germ slit. Commonly the germ pore is at one end of the mushroom spore and is called an apical pore. Mushroom genera with apical germ pores include ''Agrocybe'', ''Panaeolus'', ''Psilocybe'', and ''Pholiota''. See also *mycelium *spore External linksIMA Mycological Glossary: Germ pore Fungal morphology and anatomy {{mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeomarasmius
''Phaeomarasmius'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tubariaceae. It was formerly thought to belong in the family Inocybaceae The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales, the largest order of mushroom-forming fungi. It is one of the larger families within Agaricales (gilled mushrooms). This family exhibits an ectomycorrhizal ecology. Members of this .... The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains about 20 species. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2259778 Agaricales genera Tubariaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants. Definition A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil. Myco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
