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Pfalzgrafenstein Castle
Pfalzgrafenstein Castle (), also known as the Pfalz, is a toll castle situated on Falkenau island in the Rhine River, adjacent to Kaub, Germany. First established in 1326/27 by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King Ludwig IV of Bavaria, it served to collect river tolls from passing traffic. In 1504 it withstood a 39 day siege in the War of the Succession of Landshut unscathed and was occupied by Spanish forces for 11 years from 1620 in the Thirty Years' War, Thirty Year's War. The castle has undergone various modifications since its original construction, most notably with greater fortifications in 1607 and a Baroque architecture, baroque tower cap added in 1714. Pfalzgrafenstein Castle was used as a key point for Prussian and Russian forces to cross the Rhine in 1814, during the campaign against Napoleon. Toll collection ceased in 1867, but the castle has remained in good condition and is now preserved as a public museum. The area is part of the Rhine Gorge, which was added to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaub
Kaub (; old spelling: ''Caub'') is a town in Germany, state Rhineland-Palatinate, district Rhein-Lahn-Kreis. It is part of the municipality (''Verbandsgemeinde'') Loreley. It is located on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 50 km west from Wiesbaden. It is connected to Wiesbaden and Koblenz by railway. It has a Roman Catholic and an Evangelical church, and a statue of General Blücher. Historically, trade mainly consisted of the wines of the district. Kaub is known for the castle Pfalz, or Burg Pfalzgrafenstein, situated on a rock in the middle of the Rhine. According to legend, the Palatine countesses awaited their confinement in the Pfalz, but in reality the castle served as a toll-gate for merchandise on the Rhine. The restored castle Gutenfels sits on a hill above the town. Kaub, first mentioned in the year 983, originally belonged to the lords of Falkenstein, in 1260 the Counts of Katzenelnbogen divided their county and selected the inhabitants of Kaub, then passed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trier
Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Mosel (wine region), Moselle wine region. Founded by the Ancient Romans, Romans in the late 1st century BC as ''Augusta Treverorum'' ("The City of Augustus among the Treveri"), Trier is considered Germany's oldest city. It is also the oldest cathedral, seat of a bishop north of the Alps. Trier was one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy period in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. In the Middle Ages, the archbishop-elector of Trier was an important prince of the Church who controlled land from the French border to the Rhine. The archbishop-elector of Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Katzenelnbogen
The County of Katzenelnbogen was an Imperial immediacy, immediate States of the Holy Roman Empire, state of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed between 1095 and 1479, when it was inherited by the Landgraves of Landgraviate of Hesse, Hesse. The estate comprised two separate territories. The main parts were the original ''Untergrafschaft'' ('lower county') with its capital at Katzenelnbogen in the Middle Rhine area and the ''Obergrafschaft'' ('upper county') south of the Main (river), Main River around Darmstadt, predecessor of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt. History An ancient tribe known as the Chatti Melibokus may have stayed on a high hill in the Bergstraße (district), Bergstraße region of Hesse (the part that lies south), in Germany. One Diether I ( 1065–1095) of ''Katzenelnbogen'' (literally, 'cat's elbow'), then serving as ''Vogt'' of Prüm Abbey, was first mentioned about 1070 in a deed issued by Archbishop Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne, Anno II of Cologne. Fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailiff
A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary. Another official sometimes referred to as a ''bailiff'' was the '' Vogt''. In the Holy Roman Empire a similar function was performed by the '' Amtmann''. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and who also administers oaths to people who participate in court proceedings. Britain and Ireland Historic bailiffs ''Bailiff'' was the term used by the Normans for what the Saxons had called a '' reeve'': the officer responsible for executing the decisions of a court. The duty of the bailiff would thus include serving summonses and orders, and executing all warrants issued out of the corresponding court. The district within which the bailiff operated was called his '' bailiwick'', and is even to the present day. Bailiffs were outsiders and free me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elector Palatine
This article lists counts palatine of Lotharingia, counts palatine of the Rhine, and electors of the Palatinate (), the titles of three counts palatine who ruled some part of the Rhine region in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire between 915 and 1803. From 1261 (formally 1356), the title holder was a member of the small group of prince-electors who elected the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Since then, the title has also been referred to as " Elector Palatine". Counts palatine of Lotharingia, 915–1085 The Palatinate emerged from the County Palatine of Lotharingia which came into existence in the 10th century. * Wigeric of Lotharingia, count of the Bidgau ( 915/916–922) * Godfrey, count of the Jülichgau (c. 940) House of Ezzonen During the 11th century, the Palatinate was dominated by the Ezzonian dynasty, which governed several counties on both banks of the Rhine. These territories were centered around Cologne-Bonn, but extended south to the rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf II, Count Palatine Of The Rhine
Rudolf II "the blind" (8 August 1306 – 4 October 1353) was Count Palatine of the Rhine (see Palatinate) from 1329 to 1353. He was born in Wolfratshausen, the son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, and Mechtild of Nassau, daughter of King Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. His uncle was Emperor Louis IV. During his childhood, his father and his uncle fought over their inheritance. After the death of his father, his family was placed under the guardianship of Duke Johann von Nassau, who was a partisan of the Austrian cause. His uncle, Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor had taken the Palatinate by force of arms. In August 1322, the war finally came to an end, but only after Mechthild's death in June 1323, were the three nephews finally able to make peace with their uncle. His sons inherited Bavaria and Rudolf I's sons inherited the Upper Palatinate and the Palatinate in line with the Treaty of Pavia. He was blind only in the last years of his life. Posterity Rudolph married twice: *In 13 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ransom
Ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release. It also refers to the sum of money paid by the other party to secure a captive's freedom. When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French ''rançon'' from Latin ''redemptio'', 'buying back'; compare " redemption". Ransom cases Julius Caesar was captured by pirates near the island of Pharmacusa, and held until someone paid 50 talents to free him. In Europe during the Middle Ages, ransom became an important custom of chivalric warfare. An important knight, especially nobility or royalty, was worth a significant sum of money if captured, but nothing if he was killed. For this reason, the practice of ransom contributed to the development of heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, Imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dungeon
A dungeon is a room or cell in which prisoners are held, especially underground. Dungeons are generally associated with medieval castles, though their association with torture probably derives more from the Renaissance period. An oubliette (from the French , meaning 'to forget') or bottle dungeon is a basement room which is accessible only from a hatch or hole (an '' angstloch'') in a high ceiling. Etymology The word ''dungeon'' comes from French ''donjon'' (also spelled ''dongeon''), which means "keep", the main tower of a castle. The first recorded instance of the word in English was near the beginning of the 14th century when it held the same meaning as ''donjon''. The earlier meaning of "keep" is still in use for academics, although in popular culture, it has come to mean a cell or "oubliette". Though it is uncertain, both ''dungeon'' and ''donjon'' are thought to derive from the Middle Latin word ''dominus'', meaning "lord" or "master". In French, the term ''donjon'' sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boom (navigational Barrier)
A boom or a chain (also boom defence, harbour chain, river chain, chain boom, boom chain or variants) is an obstacle strung across a navigable stretch of water to control or block navigation. They are sometimes mixed with pile barrages. In modern times they usually have civil uses, such as to prevent access to a dangerous river channel. But, especially historically, they have been used militarily, with the goal of denying access to an enemy's ships: a modern example is the anti-submarine net. Booms have also been used to force passing vessels to pay a toll. Description A boom generally floats on the surface, while a chain can be on the surface or below the water. A chain could be made to float with rafts, logs, ships or other wood, making the chain a boom as well. Historical uses Especially in medieval times, the end of a chain could be attached to a chain tower or boom tower. This allowed safe raising or lowering of the chain, as they were often heavily fortified. By raising o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gutenfels Castle
Gutenfels Castle (), historically known as Caub Castle or Kaub Castle, is a castle located 110m above the town of Kaub in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. History Gutenfels Castle was built in 1220. It first appears in historical documents in 1257 owned by the Falkenstein family. The castle along with the fortified town of Kaub became part of the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1277. Gutenfels Castle worked alongside Pfalzgrafenstein Castle in the middle of the Rhine and Kaub on the opposite bank to control the waterway and collect tolls for the Holy Roman Emperor. It has been known as Gutenfels Castle since being unsuccessfully besieged in 1504 by Landgrave William II of Hesse as part of the War of the Succession of Landshut. In 1793 Gutenfels Castle was garrisoned by several companies of Palatine veterans when it surrendered relatively intact to French revolutionary forces. In 1803 it passed to the Duchy of Nassau with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The Nassau g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koblenz
Koblenz ( , , ; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz'') is a German city on the banks of the Rhine (Middle Rhine) and the Moselle, a multinational tributary. Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman military post by Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusus . Its name originates from the Latin ', meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "Deutsches Eck, German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an Emperor William monuments, equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992. The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein. Its usual-residents' population is 112,000 (). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland. Name Historic spellings include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stolzenfels Castle
Stolzenfels Castle () is a former medieval fortress castle ("Burg") turned into a palace, near Koblenz on the left bank of the Rhine, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Stolzenfels was a ruined 13th-century castle, gifted to the Prussian crown prince, Frederick William in 1823. He had it rebuilt as a 19th-century palace in Gothic Revival style. Today, it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Upper Middle Rhine Valley. History The original castle at Stolzenfels was built as a fortification by the Prince-Bishop of Trier, then Arnold II. von Isenburg. Finished in 1259, Stolzenfels was used to protect the toll station on the Rhine, where the ships, at the time the main means of transportation for goods, had to stop and pay toll (later moved to Engers). Over the years it was extended several times (notably in the 14th century), occupied by French and Swedish troops in the Thirty Years' War and finally, in 1689, destroyed by the French during the Nine Years' War. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
