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Petit Véhicule Protégé
The ''Petit Véhicule Protégé'' ("Light Protected vehicle", also Panhard PVP) is a light, general-purpose armoured 4-wheel drive vehicle used by the French Army, made by Panhard. It is also designated as Auverland A4 AVL (Armoured Vehicle Light). Built by Auverland, it is one of the successors to the Peugeot P4. It's intended mostly as personnel carrier, weapon carrier, and for reconnaissance, detection and communications purposes. History In 2004, the first batch of 314 vehicles was ordered. The first vehicles were delivered in February 2008 and production ended in July 2012. 100 vehicles will be fitted with the WASP light RWS. It is expected that the French DGA will order an additional 300 PVP vehicles. The 2009-14 military budget originally called for a total of 1500 PVPs, but this was reduced to 1233 in 2010 and 1133 in 2012. In the end, 1073 were delivered to the Army at a total cost of €242.7m (~US$325m) for a unit cost of €167,000 (~US$220,000), or €226,000 (~U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light Armoured Vehicle
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz. The visible band sits adjacent to the infrared (with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies), called collectively '' optical radiation''. In physics, the term "light" may refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. The primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization. Its speed in vacuum, , is one of the fundamental constants of nature. All electromagnetic radiation exhibits some properties of both particles and waves. Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheinmetall
Rheinmetall AG () is a German automotive and arms manufacturer, headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. The group was promoted to the DAX, Germany's leading stock market index, in March 2023. It is the largest German and fifth largest European arms manufacturer, and produces a variety of armored fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, in both wheeled and tracked versions. Its name is derived from the German-language words ''Rhein'' and ''Metall'', translating to "Rhine-metal" when combined. History Founding and early growth In April 1889, the Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein founded the Rheinische Metallwaren- und Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft under General Director Josef Massenez, to produce ammunition for the German Empire. The Thuringian engineer Heinrich Ehrhardt (1840-1928) oversaw the construction of the Rheinmetall plant in Düsseldorf and managed it until 1920. He made many of his patents and inventions available to the company and contributed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armoured Cars Of France
Armour (Commonwealth English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat, or from a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g. cycling, construction sites, etc.). Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals. Vehicle armour is used on warships, armoured fighting vehicles, and some combat aircraft, mostly ground attack aircraft. A second use of the term ''armour'' describes armoured forces, armoured weapons, and their role in combat. After the development of armoured warfare, tanks and mechanised infantry and their combat formations came to be referred to collectively as "armour". Etymology The word "armour" began to appear in the Middle Ages as a derivative of Old French. It is dated from 1297 as a "mail, defensive covering worn in combat". The word originates from the Old French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panhard Military Vehicles
Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed by the acquisition of Panhard by Auverland in 2005, and then by Renault in 2012. In 2018, Renault Trucks Defense, ACMAT and Panhard combined under a single brand, Arquus. History Panhard was originally called Panhard et Levassor, and was established as an automobile manufacturing concern by René Panhard, Émile Levassor, and Belgian lawyer Edouard Sarazin in 1887. Early years Panhard et Levassor sold their first automobile in 1890, based on a Daimler engine license. Levassor obtained his licence from Paris lawyer Edouard Sarazin, a friend and representative of Gottlieb Daimler's interests in France. Following Sarazin's 1887 death, Daimler commissioned Sarazin's widow Louise to carry on her late husband's agency. The Panhard et Levas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Trucks
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction, pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recherche, Assistance, Intervention, Dissuasion
{{Infobox law enforcement unit , unit_name = Search, Assistance, Intervention, Deterrence , native_name = {{native name, fr, Recherche, Assistance, Intervention, Dissuasion , native_namea = , native_namer = , image = Logo Recherche, Assistance, Intervention, Dissuasion (RAID).svg , image_size = , alt = , caption = Logo of RAID , dates = 1985 – present , country = {{flag, France , agency = National Police , type = Police tactical unit , role = Law enforcementCounter-terrorismHostage rescueClose protection , ops_juris = , command_structure = , headquarters_label = , headquarters = Bièvres, Essonne , coordinates = , motto = "''Servir sans faillir''{{-" , motto_translated = "To serve without failing" , common_name = , abbreviation = RAID , sworn_type_label = Operators , sworn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupo De Operaciones Policiales Especiales
The Grupo de Operaciones Policiales Especiales (GOPE) () is the police tactical unit of Carabineros de Chile which carries out high-risk police operations throughout the country, including location and tracking of bombs and explosives, bomb disposal, rescuing people or bodies from places of difficult access, anti-crime raids, and clashes. GOPE is a special force of military uniformed police, as stipulated in the Constitutional Act of Carabineros. History GOPE was created on 7 June 1979 with the aim of acting as a complementary force to police troops across the country, and respond to the various situations that occurred in the country during that time period. Its trajectory demonstrates the professionalism of its crew, made up of highly trained policemen to counter the most dangerous criminal activities. Its tasks are supported by the Special Action Patrols (''PAES''), which perform tasks of shelter and protection of citizens. Jurisdiction The Special Police Operations Group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PVP Operators
Player versus player (PvP) is a type of multiplayer interactive conflict within a game between human players. This is often compared to player versus environment (PvE), in which the game itself controls its players' opponents and is usually offline, whereas PvP tends to be online. The terms are most often used in games where both activities exist, particularly MMORPGs, MUDs, and other role-playing video games, to distinguish between gamemodes. PvP can be broadly used to describe any game, or aspect of a game, where players compete against each other. PvP is often controversial when used in role-playing games. In most cases, there are vast differences in abilities between players. PvP can even encourage experienced players to immediately attack and kill inexperienced players. PvP is often referred to as player killing in the cases of games which contain, but do not focus on, such interaction. History ''Genocide'', an LPMud launched in 1992, was a pioneer in PvP conflict as the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAPV Enok
The LAPV Enok is a Light Armoured Patrol Vehicle of the Bundeswehr, mostly in use with the German Army. It is a significantly further developed , based on the Mercedes-Benz G-Class. The LAPV Enok is being manufactured by Armored Car Systems GmbH (ACS), based in Aichach, a wholly owned subsidiary of 'Gruma Commercial Vehicles' based in Derching. Important subcontractors are the companies '' LeTech - Special Purpose Vehicles '' (formerly Lennartz Technik) in Welzheim and the Austrian Magna Steyr based in Graz. History A first batch of 247 vehicles has been ordered by the Bundeswehr, with deliveries scheduled to be carried out between 2008 and 2013. Another batch of 84 improved Enoks (Enok 6.1) with increased armor and weight (=) were ordered in January 2015. 49 of them are determined for the Kommando Spezialkräfte Im August 2018, the German Federal Police ordered modified Enok 6.1s along with remote controlled weapon stations as protected vehicles for airport security tasks, deno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peugeot P4
The P4 is an unarmoured off-road vehicle used by the military of France. It was manufactured by Peugeot but is now manufactured by Panhard. It is to be replaced with the Petit Véhicule Protégé, PVP by Panhard. The P4 is a derivative of the Mercedes-Benz G-Class, Mercedes Geländewagen military version built under license by Peugeot for the Military of France, French military. Peugeot did not have a licence to export the vehicle anywhere else than to the countries bound to France by defence agreements. History In the late 1960s, the French army decided that its 10,001 Hotchkiss M201, Jeeps needed to be replaced. The replacement vehicle would carry four men with radio equipment and would be small enough to be parachuted and transported by plane. After many technical issues, the new vehicle was designed in the 1970s. Agreement was reached between Peugeot and Mercedes to co-produce the vehicle on a 50:50 basis. Peugeot installed the engine of the Peugeot 504 and the Transmission ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Light Utility Vehicle
Military light utility vehicle, or simply light utility vehicle (LUV), is a term used for the lightest weight class military vehicle category. A Jeep (other)#Jeep-like vehicles, Jeep-like four-wheel drive vehicle for military use by definition lighter than other military trucks and vehicles, inherently compact and usually with light or no armour, with short body overhangs for nimble all-terrain mobility, and frequently around 4-passenger capacity. Worldwide, and since the earliest large scale mechanisation of the military, hundreds of different light vehicles have been used for military utility service, ranging from readily available commercial products which were simply repainted in military colors, to purpose-designed tactical vehicles that were specially developed for military applications and operation in forward areas. Light utility vehicles are typically general or multi-purpose, used to carry troops, staff, (mounted) weapons, supplies, evacuate wounded soldiers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auverland
Auverland (''Société nouvelle des automobiles Auverland''), now grouped with Panhard, is a French manufacturer of Jeep-like four-wheel-drive and armoured fighting vehicles. It bought Panhard from Peugeot in April 2005, and in a reverse takeover the combined company now uses the better known Panhard name. History Created by Francois Servanin early 1980 in Saint-Germain-Laval (Loire), Auverland began licensed production of the Cournil 4x4 previously constructed in Aurillac (Cantal) beginning in 1984. Licensed production of Cournil was also taken in Portugal under the brand UMM in 1977. In 1986 Auverland presented a redesigned version, still based on the Cournil, called the A3. Auverland almost disappeared due to diversification into civilian vehicles. In 2001, the new Society of Automotive Auverland (NAAS) was taken over by refocusing on market forces and public services (police, mounted police, firefighters ), but also recognized in competition circuits. With the production ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
