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Perittodus
''Perittodus'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Perittodus apsconditus'', based on disarticulated skull and postcranial bones from the Ballagan Formation. The lower jaw of the holotype specimen was about 6.8 cm (2.7 in.) in length and had a pattern of dentition similar to the Devonian taxon '' Ymeria''. ''Perittodus'' was described in a 2016 study which was devised to fill in the tetrapod and stem-tetrapod faunas of Romer's gap, an interval of the early Carboniferous with few vertebrate fossils. It was one of five new genera named in this study, along with ''Aytonerpeton'', ''Diploradus ''Diploradus'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Diploradus austiumensis'', based on an incomplete skull and jaw fragments from the Ballagan F ...'', '' Koilops'', and '' Ossirarus''. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stegocephali
Stegocephali (often spelled Stegocephalia, from Greek , lit. "roofed head") is a clade of vertebrate animals containing all fully limbed tetrapodomorphs. It is equivalent to a broad definition of the superclass Tetrapoda: under this broad definition, the term "tetrapod" applies to any animal descended from the first vertebrate with four limbs each with digits in the extremity (pentadactyly), rather than fins of their sarcopterygian relatives. Stegocephalians include both the modern lineage of limbed vertebrates (the crown group tetrapods, including modern amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) as well as a portion of the stem group, the earliest limbed tetrapodomorphs such as ''Ichthyostega'' and ''Acanthostega'', which evolved in the Devonian period long before the origin of the crown group. Many paleontologists prefer a stricter definition of Tetrapoda which applies solely to the crown group, excluding earlier types of limbed tetrapodomorphs. Stegocephali was re-estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballagan Formation
The Ballagan Formation is a Formation (geology), geologic formation in Scotland and England. It preserves fossils dating back to the early part of the Carboniferous Period (geology), period (Tournaisian – early Visean). Its name comes from the "Ballagan Beds" of Ballagan Glen, near Strathblane, which has a good example of this geological formation. The Ballagan Formation was historically known as the Cementstone Group, but more recently it has been placed as the middle formation of the Inverclyde Group. This change was motivated by the recognition that the youngest parts of the Devonian Upper Old Red Sandstone (now known as the Kinnesswood Formation) were geologically continuous with the lowest parts of the Lower Carboniferous Calciferous Sandstone Measures (now known as the Ballagan and Clyde Sandstone Formation, Clyde Sandstone formations). This interval of Devonian-Carboniferous overlap was named the Inverclyde Group, and the cementstone-rich "drab beds" in the middle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romer's Gap
Romer's gap is an apparent gap in the Paleozoic tetrapod fossil record noted in the studies of paleontology and evolutionary biology, which represent periods in the Early Carboniferous from which excavators have not yet found relevant transitional fossils. It is named after American paleontologist Alfred Romer, who first recognised it in 1956. Recent discoveries in Scotland and Australia are beginning to close this gap in palaeontological knowledge. Age Romer's gap runs from approximately 360 to 345 million years ago, corresponding to the first 15 million years of the Carboniferous, the early Mississippian (starting with the Tournaisian and moving into the Visean). The gap forms a discontinuity between the primitive forests and high diversity of fishes at the end Devonian and more modern aquatic and terrestrial assemblages of the early Carboniferous. Mechanism behind the gap There has been long debate as to why there are so few fossils from this time period. Some have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jenny Clack
Jennifer Alice Clack, (''née'' Agnew; 3 November 1947 – 26 March 2020) was an English paleontology, palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist. She specialised in the early evolution of tetrapods, specifically studying the "fish to tetrapod" transition: the origin, evolutionary development and radiation of early tetrapods and their relatives among the lobe-finned fishes. She is best known for her book ''Gaining Ground: the Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods'', published in 2002 (second edition, 2012) and written with the layperson in mind. Clack was curator at the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology, Museum of Zoology and Professor (highest academic rank), Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of Cambridge, where she devoted her career to studying the early development of tetrapods, the "four-legged" animals said to have evolved from Devonian lobe-finned fishes and colonised the freshwater swamps of the Carboniferous period. Early life and educatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ossirarus
''Ossirarus'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Ossirarus kierani'', based on a disarticulated skull and postcranial bones from the Ballagan Formation at Burnmouth. It would have had a large, pointed tabular horn and several minor traits shared with Devonian stem-tetrapods. ''Ossirarus'' was described in a 2016 study which was devised to fill in the tetrapod and stem-tetrapod faunas of Romer's gap, an interval of the early Carboniferous with few tetrapod fossils. It was one of five new genera named in this study, along with ''Aytonerpeton'', ''Diploradus'', '' Koilops'', and ''Perittodus''. Discovery The holotype and only known specimen of ''Ossirarus'', UMZC2016.3, was collected in 2010 from a mid-Tournaisian layer of cliffs in Burnmouth, in Scotland's Ballagan Formation. The strata belong to Romer's Gap, a hiatus between the Late Devonian and the Viséan where comparativel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koilops
''Koilops'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Koilops herma'', based on a mold of an 8.0 cm (3.1 in.)-long skull from the Ballagan Formation. A phylogenetic analysis in its original description places ''Koilops'' as a close relative of '' Tulerpeton'' and colosteids. ''Koilops'' was described in a 2016 study which was devised to fill in the tetrapod and stem-tetrapod faunas of Romer's gap, an interval of the early Carboniferous with few vertebrate fossils. It was one of five new genera named in this study, along with ''Aytonerpeton'', ''Diploradus'', ''Ossirarus'', and ''Perittodus ''Perittodus'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Perittodus apsconditus'', based on disarticulated skull and postcranial bones from the Ballagan ...''. References Stegocephali Tournaisian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diploradus
''Diploradus'' is an extinct genus of four-limbed stem-tetrapod from the Mississippian (mid-Tournaisian) of Scotland. It contains a single species, ''Diploradus austiumensis'', based on an incomplete skull and jaw fragments from the Ballagan Formation at Burnmouth. The most complete part of the specimen, the lower jaw, was about 3.0 cm (1.2 in.) in length and possessed several rows of small, numerous teeth. It likely represents a juvenile animal. ''Diploradus'' was described in a 2016 study which was devised to fill in the tetrapod and stem-tetrapod faunas of Romer's gap, an interval of the early Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ... with few vertebrate fossils. It was one of five new genera named in this study, along with '' Aytonerpeton'', '' Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mississippian Sarcopterygians Of Europe
Mississippian may refer to: * Mississippian (geology), a subperiod of the Carboniferous period in the geologic timescale, roughly 360 to 325 million years ago * Mississippian cultures, a network of precontact cultures across the midwest and Eastern Woodlands in North America that flourished from about 800 to 1540 CE * Mississippian Railway, a short-line railroad * relating to the state of Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ... See also * Mississippi (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournaisian Life
The Tournaisian is in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage or oldest age (geology), age of the Mississippian (geology), Mississippian, the oldest system (stratigraphy), subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Tournaisian age lasted from Ma to Megaannum, Ma. It is preceded by the Famennian (the uppermost stage of the Devonian) and is followed by the Viséan. In global stratigraphy, the Tournaisian contains two substages: the Hastarian (lower Tournaisian) and Ivorian (upper Tournaisian). These two substages were originally designated as European regional stages. Name and regional alternatives The Tournaisian was named after the Belgium, Belgian city of Tournai. It was introduced in scientific literature by Belgian geologist André Hubert Dumont in 1832. Like many Devonian and lower Carboniferous stages, the Tournaisian is a unit from West European regional stratigraphy that is now used in the official internation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aytonerpeton
''Aytonerpeton'' is an extinct genus of stem-tetrapod from the Ballagan Formation of Scotland. It was one of five new genera of early limbed vertebrates from the Ballagan Formation described by Clack ''et al.'' in 2016. These vertebrates were among the only known in the world from a period of time known as Romer's gap. Romer's gap, which spans most of the Mississippian age of the Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ..., is characterized by a comparative rarity of tetrapod and stem-tetrapod fossils compared to the periods of time directly older and younger than it. However, ''Aytonerpeton'' and other Ballagan stem-tetrapods help to close in this gap in the vertebrate fossil record. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q56281038 Stegocephali Fossil taxa descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournaisian
The Tournaisian is in the ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Mississippian, the oldest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Tournaisian age lasted from Ma to Ma. It is preceded by the Famennian (the uppermost stage of the Devonian) and is followed by the Viséan. In global stratigraphy, the Tournaisian contains two substages: the Hastarian (lower Tournaisian) and Ivorian (upper Tournaisian). These two substages were originally designated as European regional stages. Name and regional alternatives The Tournaisian was named after the Belgian city of Tournai. It was introduced in scientific literature by Belgian geologist André Hubert Dumont in 1832. Like many Devonian and lower Carboniferous stages, the Tournaisian is a unit from West European regional stratigraphy that is now used in the official international time scale. The Tournaisian correlates with the regional North American Kinderhookian and lower Osagean stages and the Chinese Tan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian (geology), Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare (geologist), William Conybeare and William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
