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Periglandula Ipomoeae
''Periglandula ipomoeae'' is a fungus of the genus '' Periglandula'' in the family Clavicipitaceae. Symbiosis '' Ipomoea asarifolia'', and ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds contains LSA and LSH among other alkaloids, due to the presence of the symbiotic fungus ''Periglandula ipomoeae'', which lives symbiotically with them as an epibiont and produces these compoundsSteiner, Ulrike, and Eckhard Leistner. "Ergoline alkaloids in convolvulaceous host plants originate from epibiotic clavicipitaceous fungi of the genus Periglandula." ''Fungal Ecology'' 5.3 (2012): 316-321. Available at/ref> See also * '' Periglandula clandestina'' * '' Periglandula turbinae'' * Ergot Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is '' Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that c ... References Clavicipitaceae Fungi described in 2011 Fungus specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periglandula
Periglandula are a genus of fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. Symbiosis They live as epibionts, in a symbiotic relationship with two species of plant, '' Ipomoea asarifolia'' and ''Ipomoea corymbosa''. They are known to produce ergot alkaloids related to lysergic acid such as ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA), and LSH.Steiner, Ulrike, and Eckhard Leistner. "Ergoline alkaloids in convolvulaceous host plants originate from epibiotic clavicipitaceous fungi of the genus Periglandula." ''Fungal Ecology'' 5.3 (2012): 316-321. Available at/ref> See also *Ergot Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is '' Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that c ... References External links * Clavicipitaceae Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Hypocreales genera Natural sources of lysergamides Psychedelic drugs Psychoacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavicipitaceae
The Clavicipitaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genus, genera in the family, but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50. Phylogeny Molecular phylogeny, phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined cladistics, clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The most recent common ancestor of the three clades also include Hypocreaceae as a descendant. The issue seems to have been resolved in Sung ''et al.'' (2007b). Clavicipitaceae becomes restricted to "clade A". Cordycipitaceae is resurrected to hold "clade C". Ophiocordycipitaceae is created to hold "clade B". Evolution The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipomoea Asarifolia
''Ipomoea asarifolia'', known as the ginger-leaf morning-glory, is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae, of the genus ''Ipomoea''. Chemistry, toxicology, and pharmacology ''Ipomoea asarifolia'' lives symbiotically with the fungus ''Periglandula ipomoeae ''Periglandula ipomoeae'' is a fungus of the genus '' Periglandula'' in the family Clavicipitaceae. Symbiosis '' Ipomoea asarifolia'', and ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds contains LSA and LSH among other alkaloids, due to the presence of the symbiot ...'', which biosynthesizes ergoline alkaloids such as D-lysergic acid α-hyroxyethylamide as well as indole diterpene alkaloids. ''Periglandula ipomoeae'' was found on the following six organs: young leaves, mature leaves, flower buds, mature flowers, young seeds, and mature seeds. ''Ipomoea asarifolia'' causes a tremorgenic syndrome if ingested by '' Capra hircus'', but the reason for this is unknown. The effect has been attributed to tremorgenic phytotoxins or mycotoxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipomoea Tricolor
''Ipomoea tricolor'', the Mexican morning glory or just morning glory, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Convolvulaceae, native plant, native to the tropics of the Americas, and widely cultivated and naturalisation (biology), naturalised elsewhere. Alkaloids ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds contains Lysergic acid amide, LSA and Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide, LSH among other alkaloids due to the presence of a symbiotic fungus ''Periglandula ipomoeae'', which produces them. Description It is an herbaceous plant, herbaceous annual plant, annual or perennial plant, perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaf, leaves are spirally arranged, long with a long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre. I. tricolor and many rarer species of morning glory, contain ergoline, ergoline alkaloids, predominantly ergine. Some supermarkets have stopped carrying ''I. tricolor'' seeds because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Hydroxyethylamide
Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH or LAH), also known as lysergic acid ''N''-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide, is an ergoamide and an ergoline. It is perhaps the main constituent of the parasitic fungus, '' Claviceps paspali''; and found in trace amounts in ''Claviceps purpurea''. ''C. paspali'' and ''C. purpurea'' are ergot-spreading fungi. ''Periglandula'', ''Clavicipitacepus'' fungi, are permanently symbiotically connected to an estimated 450species of ''Convolvulaceae'' and thus generate LAH in some of them (42 generate ergolines, by Eckart Eich's review). The most well-known ones are ''Ipomoea tricolor'' (“morning glory”), ''Turbina corymbosa'' (''coaxihuitl''), and '' Argyreia nervosa'' (Hawaiian baby woodrose). LAH is structurally similar to ergonovine, which is also known as lysergic acid hydroxymethylethylamide. The more well-known analog, lysergic acid amide (syn. ''ergine''), is more prominent in analytical results because LAH easily decomposes to ergine. Ergine is only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (Ancient Greek : living with, companionship < : together; and ''bíōsis'': living) is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species. The two organisms, termed symbionts, can for example be in Mutualism (biology), mutualistic, commensalism, commensalistic, or parasitism, parasitic relationships. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term is sometimes more exclusively used in a restricted, mutualistic sense, where both symbionts contribute to each other's subsistence. This means that they benefit each other in some way. Symbiosis can be ''obligate'' (or ''obligative''), which means that one, or both of the organisms depend on each other for survival, or ''facultative'' (optional), when they can also subsist independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. Symbionts forming a single body live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epibiont
An epibiont (from the Ancient Greek meaning "living on top of") is an organism that lives on the surface of another living organism, called the basibiont ("living underneath"). The interaction between the two organisms is called epibiosis. An epibiont is, by definition, harmless to its host. In this sense, the interaction between the two organisms can be considered neutralistic or commensalistic; as opposed to being, for example, parasitic, in which case one organism benefits at the expense of the other, or mutualistic, in which both organisms obtain some explicit benefit from their coexistence. These organisms have evolved various adaptations to exploit their hosts for protection, transportation, or access to resources. Examples of common epibionts are bacteria, barnacles, remoras, and algae, many of which live on the surfaces of larger marine organisms such as whales, sharks, sea turtles, and mangrove trees. Although there is no direct effect of the epibiont to the host, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periglandula Clandestina
''Periglandula clandestina'' is a fungus of the genus ''Periglandula''. It is symbiotic with the morning glory plant ''Ipomoea tricolor'' (the Mexican morning glory). ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds are hallucinogenic in humans due to the presence of naturally occurring lysergamides or ergot alkaloids like ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine (isolysergic acid amide; iso-LSA). The lysergamides present in ''Ipomoea tricolor'' are produced by ''Periglandula clandestina'' that it is symbiotic with rather than by ''Ipomoea tricolor'' itself. ''Periglandula clandestina'', isolated from ''Ipomoea tricolor'', was discovered and first described by Corinne Hazel and Daniel Panaccione at West Virginia University in 2025. See also * ''Periglandula ipomoeae ''Periglandula ipomoeae'' is a fungus of the genus '' Periglandula'' in the family Clavicipitaceae. Symbiosis '' Ipomoea asarifolia'', and ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds contains LSA and LSH among other alkaloids, due to the presenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periglandula Turbinae
''Periglandula turbinae'' is a fungus of the genus ''Periglandula'' in the family Clavicipitaceae. It is symbiotic with ''Ipomoea corymbosa'' and is responsible for the ergoline alkaloids present in the plant like ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA), which in turn are responsible for the psychedelic and entheogenic effects of ''Ipomoea corymbosa''. See also * ''Periglandula ipomoeae'' * ''Periglandula clandestina ''Periglandula clandestina'' is a fungus of the genus ''Periglandula''. It is symbiotic with the morning glory plant ''Ipomoea tricolor'' (the Mexican morning glory). ''Ipomoea tricolor'' seeds are hallucinogenic in humans due to the presence of ...'' References Clavicipitaceae Fungus species Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Natural sources of lysergamides Psychoactive fungi Psychedelic drugs {{Hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergot
Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is '' Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals who consume grains contaminated with its fruiting structure (called ''ergot sclerotium''). ''Claviceps'' includes about 50 known species, mostly in the tropical regions. Economically significant species include ''C. purpurea'' (parasitic on grasses and cereals), ''C. fusiformis'' (on pearl millet, buffel grass), '' C. paspali'' (on dallis grass), ''C. africana'' (on sorghum) and ''C. lutea'' (on paspalum). ''C. purpurea'' most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely. ''C. purpurea'' has at least three races or varieties, which differ in their host specificity: *G1 – land grasses of op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi Described In 2011
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
