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Paul Vidal De La Blache
Paul Vidal de La Blache (, Pézenas, Hérault, 22 January 1845 – Tamaris-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, 5 April 1918) was a French geographer. He is considered to be the founder of modern French geography and also the founder of the French School of Geopolitics. He conceived the idea of ''genre de vie'', which is the belief that the lifestyle of a particular region reflects the economic, social, ideological and psychological identities imprinted on the landscape. Life Paul Vidal de la Blache was the son of a teacher at the ''Collège de Pézenas'' who subsequently became an academic administrator. He was sent to school at the Institution Favard at the Lycée Charlemagne in Paris. Afterward, he attended the École Normale Supérieure. He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1863 at the age of eighteen and received the ''agrégation'' (certification) in history and geography in 1866. He was appointed to the École française d’Athens, taking advantage of the oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIdal De La Blache, Paul, BNF Gallica
Vidal (, , , ) is a Catalan, Aragonese, and possibly also Romansh surname, which also appears in French, Italian, Portuguese and English, and as a given name. Vidal may refer to: Surname * Aleix Vidal (born 1989), Spanish footballer *Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca (born 1945), Spanish politician * Alexander Thomas Emeric Vidal (1792–1863), British admiral and surveyor * Alexander Vidal (1819–1906), Canadian politician * André Vidal (1908–1984), French engineer and politician *Arturo Vidal (born 1987), Chilean footballer * Ava Vidal (born 1976), British comedian * Bill Vidal (born 1951), American politician and civil servant * Borja Vidal (born 1981), Qatari handball player *Carles Blasi Vidal (born 1964), Andorran politician * Carmen Vidal (1915–2003), Spanish businesswoman * Cheche Vidal (born 1959), Venezuelan footballer *Christina Vidal (born 1981), American actress *Clément Vidal (born 2000), French footballer *Corey Vidal (born 1986), Canadian dancer and video mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Gottmann
(Ivan) Jean Gottmann (10 October 1915 – 28 February 1994) was a French Jewish geographer who was best known for his seminal study on the urban region of the Northeast megalopolis. His main contributions to human geography were in the sub-fields of urban, political, economic, historical and regional geography. His regional specializations ranged from France and the Mediterranean to the United States, Israel, and Japan. Early life and education Gottmann was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Russian Empire. He was the only child of prosperous Jewish parents of French and Dutch descent, Elie Gottmann and Sonia-Fanny Ettinger, who were killed in February 1918, following the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was adopted de facto by his aunt, Emily Gottmann, and uncle, Michel Berchin, and escaped with them to Paris in 1921 through what was then Constantinople in present-day Istanbul. In Constantinople, he changed his first name, Iona, to the French cognate Jean. Career Gottmann received a French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm ( ) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word ''paradigm'' is Ancient Greek, Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". Etymology ''Paradigm'' comes from Greek παράδειγμα (''paradeigma''); "pattern, example, sample"; from the verb παραδείκνυμι (''paradeiknumi''); "exhibit, represent, expose"; and that from παρά (''para''); "beside, beyond"; and δείκνυμι (''deiknumi''); "to show, to point out". In classical (Greek-based) rhetoric, a paradeigma aims to provide an audience with an illustration of a similar occurrence. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a conclusion; however, it is used to help guide them to get there. One way of how a ''paradeigma'' is meant to guide an audience would be exemplified by the role of a personal accountant. It is not the job of a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristide Briand
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (19181939). In 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, as well to establish a "History of the European Union, European Union" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and fascism following the Great Depression. Early life He was born in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Loire-Inférieure (now Loire-Atlantique) of a ''petite bourgeoisie, pet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomothetic And Idiographic
Nomothetic and idiographic are terms used by Neo-Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Windelband to describe two distinct approaches to knowledge, each one corresponding to a different intellectual tendency, and each one corresponding to a different branch of academia. To say that Windelband supported that last dichotomy is a consequent misunderstanding of his own thought. For him, any branch of science and any discipline can be handled by both methods as they offer two integrating points of view. * ''Nomothetic'' is based on what Kant described as a tendency to generalize, and is typical for the natural sciences. It describes the effort to derive laws that explain ''types'' or ''categories'' of objective phenomena, in general. * ''Idiographic'' is based on what Kant described as a tendency to specify, and is typical for the humanities. It describes the effort to understand the meaning of contingent, unique, and often cultural or subjective phenomena. Use in the social sciences The prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Determinism
Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular economic or social developmental (or even more generally, cultural) trajectories. Jared Diamond, Jeffrey Herbst, Ian Morris, and other social scientists sparked a revival of the theory during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This "neo-environmental determinism" school of thought examines how geographic and ecological forces influence state-building, economic development, and institutions. While archaic versions of the geographic interpretation were used to encourage colonialism and eurocentrism, modern figures like Diamond use this approach to reject the racism in these explanations. Diamond argues that European powers were able to colonize, due to unique advantages bestowed by their environment, as opposed to any kind of inherent superiority. A history of thought C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Possibilism (geography)
Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions.{{cite book, last1=Stadler, first1=Reuel R. Hanks , title=Encyclopedia of geography terms, themes, and concepts, date=2011, publisher=ABC-CLIO, location=Santa Barbara, Calif., isbn=9781598842951, pages=262–263, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FztJ3mKnPIC&dq=possibilism+geography, accessdate=5 May 2016 In cultural ecology, Marshall Sahlins used this concept in order to develop alternative approaches to the environmental determinism dominant at that time in ecological studies. Strabo Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-si ... posited in 64 BC that humans can make things happen by their own intelligence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Ratzel
Friedrich Ratzel (August 30, 1844 – August 9, 1904) was a German geographer and ethnographer, notable for first using the term ''Lebensraum'' ("living space") in the sense that the National Socialists later would. Life Ratzel's father was the head of the household staff of the Grand Duke of Baden. Friedrich attended high school in Karlsruhe for six years before being apprenticed at age 15 to apothecaries. In 1863, he went to Rapperswil on the Lake of Zurich, Switzerland, where he began to study the classics. After a further year as an apothecary at Moers near Krefeld in the Lower Rhine region (1865–1866), he spent a short time at the high school in Karlsruhe and became a student of zoology at the universities of Heidelberg, Jena and Berlin, finishing in 1868. He studied zoology in 1869, publishing ''Sein und Werden der organischen Welt'' on Darwin. After the completion of his schooling Ratzel began a period of travels that saw him transform from zoologist/biologist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Vacher
Antoine Vacher (18 November 1873 – 16 September 1920) was a French geographer, mainly interested in physical geography, and particularly in hydrography. Early years (1873–1905) Antoine Vacher was the brilliant son of a family of tailors from Montluçon, Allier. His paternal grandfather was a farmer in the Allier, while his maternal grandfather was a craftsman. His father experienced serious financial difficulties and had to go into debt to save his small business. Antoine Vacher was an honorary scholar at the Lycée de Lyon (1880), and a scholar at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris (1891). He studied at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS). While at the ENS he had to work in various casual jobs during the summer holidays to help repay the family loans. He was a student of Paul Vidal de La Blache, but in his doctorate wrote almost exclusively about physical geography, and ignored human geography. Vacher's fieldwork was mostly concerned with valley forms and measurements of river flo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel De Margerie
Emmanuel Marie Pierre Martin Jacquin de Margerie ForMemRS (11 November 1862 – 20 December 1953) was a French geographer after whom the Margerie Glacier was named, which he visited in 1913. Early life and family He is the son of French catholic writer , and a member of the , a French family of nobility dating back to 17th-century royal administrators of Picardy under rule of Louis XIV. Awards and honors Margerie was awarded the Cullum Geographical Medal of the American Geographical Society in 1919. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1922. In 1923 de Margerie was awarded the Mary Clark Thompson Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publicat ... in 1932. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
