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Parwanaya 2015 Ahvaz 09
Parwanaya (; ) or Panja (Mandaic: , from Persian 'five') is a 5-day religious festival in the Mandaean calendar. The 5 epagomenals (extra days) inserted at the end of every Šumbulta (the 8th month) constitute the Parwanaya intercalary feast. The festival celebrates the five days that Hayyi Rabbi created the uthri and the universe. Origins The epagomenals in the Egyptian calendar were also considered to be sacred days in Ancient Egypt, as they were considered to be the birthdays of different gods. Today in the Coptic calendar, these five days are designated by the Coptic Orthodox Church as feast days for different saints.. Rituals The ''masbuta'' (baptism), ''Ṭabahata Masiqta'' (ascension of the soul ceremony for ancestors), and ''hawad mania'' rituals are held during the Parwanaya. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaeans
Mandaeans (Mandaic language, Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ) ( ), also known as Mandaean Sabians ( ) or simply as Sabians ( ), are an ethnoreligious group who are followers of Mandaeism. They believe that John the Baptist was the final and most important prophet. They may have been among the earliest religious groups to practice baptism, as well as among the earliest adherents of Gnosticism, a belief system of which they are the last surviving representatives today. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic language, Mandaic, an Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Aramaic language, before they nearly all switched to Mesopotamian Arabic or Persian language, Persian as their main language. After 2003 invasion of Iraq, the invasion of Iraq by the United States and Multi-National Force – Iraq, its allies in 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which before the war numbered 60,000–70,000 persons, collapsed with most of the community relocating to Iran, Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ṭabahata Masiqta
The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drower Collection (DC 42), currently held at the Bodleian Library. The scroll was originally transcribed in 1743 and has 834 lines. It is similar to Prayer 170 of the Qulasta, but some names are different. DC 42 verso, copied at Basra in 1248 A.H. (1832–3 A.D.), contains six texts: *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania b-iuma ḏ- paruanaiia'' *''Aprišata ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania ḏ-tarmida ʿu ganzibra kḏ napiq'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ṭabahata qria b-šuma ḏ-gabrauʿnta'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-dukrana ḏ-šumaiia'' *''Šarḥ ḏ- zidqa brika ḏ- paruanaiia'' Ṭabahata Masiqta The Ṭabahata Masiqta, or the "masiqta of the Parents", is held only once a year during the Parwanaya intercalary festival. Priests recite dozen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Festivals In Iraq
A festival is an event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as well as the high culture-low culture interrelationship. Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern. Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they are called patronal festivals. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Festivals In Iran
Religion is a range of social system, social-cultural systems, including designated religious behaviour, behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, religious text, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics in religion, ethics, or religious organization, organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendence (religion), transcendental, and spirituality, spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. It is an essentially contested concept. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacredness, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). and a supernatural being or beings. The origin of religious belief is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams. Religions have sacred histories, narratives, and mythologies, preserved in oral traditions, sac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehwa Rabba
Dehwa Rabba () or Nauruz Rabba (, 'Great New Year') is the Mandaean New Year. It is the first day of Daula (or Dowla), the first month of the Mandaean calendar. Kanshiy u-Zahly ''Kanshī u-Zahli'' or ''Kanshiy u-Zahly'' () is the day preceding Dehwa Rabba, or New Year's Eve. It is the 30th day of Gadia, the twelfth month (i.e., the last day of the Mandaean year). On Kanshiy u-Zahly, Mandaeans do not work as it is a holy day. Mandaean priests spend the entire day performing prayers and masbuta until the afternoon, and also animals are slaughtered for consumption. Before the sun sets, Mandaeans prepare food for the following day of Dehwa Rabba and also perform ''ṭmasha'', or ritual immersion in water that does not require the assistance of a priest. 36 hours of seclusion At sunset, once the North Star appears in the sky, Mandaeans must stay inside their homes with their families for 36 hours. No one is permitted to go outside their homes during these 36 hours, since Mandaeans b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercalary Month (Egypt)
The intercalary month or epagomenal days. of the ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars are a period of five days in common years and six days in leap years in addition to those calendars' 12 standard months, sometimes reckoned as their thirteenth month. They originated as a periodic measure to ensure that the heliacal rising of Sirius would occur in the 12th month of the Egyptian lunar calendar but became a regular feature of the civil calendar and its descendants. Coptic and Ethiopian leap days occur in the year preceding Julian and Gregorian leap years. Names The English names "intercalary month" and "epagomenal days" derive from Latin ' ("proclaimed between") and Greek ''epagómenoi'' () or ''epagómenai'' (, "brought in" or "added on"), Latinized as '. The period is also sometimes known as the "monthless days". In ancient Egypt, the period was known as the "Five Days upon the Year" (), the "Five Days" (') or "Those upon the Year" ('), the last of which i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maysan Governorate
Maysan Governorate () is a governorate in southeastern Iraq, bordering Iran. Its administrative centre is the city of Amarah, and it is composed of six districts. Before 1976, it was named Amara Province. Etymology This region was called ''Messène'' () by Ancient Greeks (Strabo), ''Mīšān'' (ܡܝܫܢ) in Syriac. ''Mēs̲h̲ān'' in Middle Persian and Parthian ( myšn), ''Mēs̲h̲un'' in Armenian, ''Maysān'' or ''Mīsān'' () in Arabic, and ''T’iao-tche'' ( Chaldaea) in the Han sources.Streck, M.; Morony, M.. "Maysān." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, 2012. Reference. 30 March 2012 History Alexander the Great founded the town of Charax Spasinu in 324 B.C. in the governorate. The town later became the capital of the Characene kingdom. It now exists as the ruins of Naysan. The area suffered greatly during the Iran–Iraq War, during which it was a major battlefield, and again during the 1991 Iraqi uprisings led by the Shia population. Government Ba'athist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarah
Amarah (), also spelled Amara, is a city in south-eastern Iraq, located on a low ridge next to the Tigris River waterway south of Baghdad about 50 km (31 mi) from the border with Iran. It lies at the northern tip of the marshlands between the Tigris and Euphrates. It had a population of about 340,000 in 2002, 420,000 in 2005, and 1,100,000 in 2020. Amarah is the seat of the Maysan Province. A major trading center for the surrounding agricultural area, the city is known for woven goods and silverware. The staple economic goods produced in northern Amarah are winter cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as animals such as sheep and horses. History The city was founded in the 1860s as an Ottoman military outpost from which the empire tried to control the warring Banu Lam and Al Bu Muhammad tribes. In 1915 Amarah was captured by the British. Before the revolution in 1958 Amarah was known for its feudal system with local estate-holders maintaining private militias. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigris
The Tigris ( ; see #Etymology, below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian Desert, Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf. The Tigris passes through historical cities like Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra, and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for Masbuta, baptism. In ancient times, the Tigris nurtured the Assyria, Assyrian Empire, with remnants like the relief of Tiglath-Pileser I, King Tiglath-Pileser. Today, the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management, and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of The Ancestors
The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drower Collection (DC 42), currently held at the Bodleian Library. The scroll was originally transcribed in 1743 and has 834 lines. It is similar to Prayer 170 of the Qulasta, but some names are different. DC 42 verso, copied at Basra in 1248 A.H. (1832–3 A.D.), contains six texts: *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania b-iuma ḏ- paruanaiia'' *''Aprišata ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania ḏ-tarmida ʿu ganzibra kḏ napiq'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ṭabahata qria b-šuma ḏ-gabrauʿnta'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-dukrana ḏ-šumaiia'' *''Šarḥ ḏ- zidqa brika ḏ- paruanaiia'' Ṭabahata Masiqta The Ṭabahata Masiqta, or the "masiqta of the Parents", is held only once a year during the Parwanaya intercalary festival. Priests recite dozen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of The Parwanaya
The ''Scroll of the Parwanaya'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the five-day Parwanaya festival. Excluding the colophon, the text consists of 931 lines. Manuscripts and translations Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 24 of the Drower Collection (DC 24), currently held at the Bodleian Library. The scroll was originally copied by Yahya Bihram Yahya Bihram (also spelled Yahia Bihram; ) was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean priest ... in 1832 at his sister's son's house in Muhammerah ( Khorramshahr), Iran. The scroll was analyzed and translated into German by Bogdan Burtea in 2005.Häberl, Charles G. (2007)Review of Bogdan Burtea, ''Das mandäische Fest der Schalttage'' (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005) In: ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 127(2), 208–210. American Orie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Texts
This article contains a list of Mandaic manuscripts, which are almost entirely Mandaeism, Mandaean religious texts written in Classical Mandaic language, Mandaic. Well-known Mandaean texts include the ''Ginza Rabba'' (also known as the ''Sidra Rabbā''), the ''Mandaean Book of John'', and the ''Qulasta''. Texts for Mandaean priests include ''The 1012 Questions'', among others. Some, like the ''Ginza Rabba'', are codex, codices (bound books), while others, such as the various diwan (poetry), ''diwan''s, are illustrated scrolls. Background Mandaean copyists or scribes (Mandaic: ''sapra'') may transcribe texts as a meritorious deed for one's own forgiveness of sins, or they may be hired to copy a text for another person. Mandaean sacred scriptures, such as the ''Ginza Rabba'' are traditionally kept in wooden chests wrapped in layers of white cotton and silk cloth. These protected manuscripts are generally not touched by ordinary laypeople, although learned laymen (''yalufa'') who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
