Paraguay–Spain Relations
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Paraguay–Spain Relations
Paraguay–Spain relations are the bilateralism, current and historical relations between the Paraguay, Republic of Paraguay and the Spain, Kingdom of Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies and the Organization of Ibero-American States. History Spanish colonization In 1524, Aleixo Garcia, a Portuguese explorer in the service of Spain arrived to present-day Paraguay. In 1536, the first Spanish settlements in Paraguay were established by Domingo Martínez de Irala in the Asunción region and initially, Spanish settlers lived in peace among the Guaraní people. In 1542, Paraguay officially became part of the Spanish Empire and governed by the newly created Viceroyalty of Peru based in Lima. In the early 1600s, Society of Jesus, Jesuit missionaries began arriving to Paraguay and established missions to convert the local Guaraní people to Catholicism. This period was known as the Jesuit reduction. For the next 150 years, Jesuits developed thei ...
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Bilateralism
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular ...
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− global city, according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, GaWC 2024 ranking. The city proper has a population of 3.1 million and its urban area 16.7 million, making it the List of metropolitan areas, twentieth largest metropolitan area in the world. It is known for its preserved eclecticism, eclectic European #Architecture, architecture and rich culture, cultural life. It is a multiculturalism, multicultural city that is home to multiple ethnic and religious groups, contributing to its culture as well as to the dialect spoken in the city and in some other parts of the country. This is because since the 19th century, the city, and the country in general, has been a major recipient of millions of Immigration to Argentina, im ...
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Juan Carlos I Of Spain
Juan Carlos I (; Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until Abdication of Juan Carlos I, his abdication on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the ('king emeritus') by the press. Juan Carlos is the son of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, and grandson of Alfonso XIII, the last king of Spain before the abolition of the monarchy in 1931 and the subsequent declaration of the Second Spanish Republic. Juan Carlos was born in Rome, Italy, during his family's exile. Francisco Franco took over the government of Spain after his victory in the Spanish Civil War in 1939, yet in 1947 Spain's status as a monarchy was affirmed and a law was passed allowing Franco to choose his successor. Juan Carlos's father assumed his claims to the throne after King Alfonso XIII died in February 1941. However, ...
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Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (; 3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan politician, army general and Military dictatorship, military dictator who ruled as the 42nd president of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 until his overthrow in 1989. Known there as ''El Stronato'', Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, his dictatorship was marked by political violence. Before his accession to the presidency, he was the country's ''de facto'' leader from May to August 1954. Stroessner rose to power after leading the 1954 Paraguayan coup d'état on 4 May, with backing from the Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party and Paraguayan Army. Following a brief provisional government under Tomás Romero Pereira, he was elected unopposed in the 1954 Paraguayan presidential election, 1954 presidential election, as all opposition parties had been banned since 1947. He quickly suspended constitutional and civil rights upon taking office on 15 August 1954. With the army and military police, who ...
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975, assuming the title ''Caudillo''. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship. Born in Ferrol, Spain, Ferrol, Galicia, into an upper-class military family, Franco served in the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy from 1907 to 1910. While serving in Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Morocco, he rose through the ranks to become a brigadier general in 1926 at age 33. Two years later, Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza. As a Conservatism, conservative and Monarchism, ...
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Battle Of The Ebro
The Battle of the Ebro (, ) was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War and the greatest, in terms of manpower, logistics and material ever fought on Spanish soil. It took place between July and November 1938, with fighting mainly concentrated in two areas on the lower course of the Ebro River, the Terra Alta (comarca), Terra Alta comarca of Catalonia, and the Auts area close to Fayón ''(Faió)'' in the lower Matarranya, Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp, Eastern Lower Aragon. These sparsely populated areas saw the largest array of armies in the war. The battle was disastrous for the Second Spanish Republic, with tens of thousands left dead or wounded and little effect on the advance of the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Background By 1938, the Second Spanish Republic was in dire straits. The War in the North, Republican Northern zone had fallen, and in the winter of 1937/38 the Republican Popular Army had spent its forces in the Batt ...
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Republican Faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (), also known as the Loyalist faction () or the Government faction (), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans () was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term ''Rojos'' (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including far-left communist and Anarchism in Spain, anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one. Participants Political groups Popular Front Nationalists =Basque= * Basque nationalism ** Basque Nationalist Party ** Basque Nationalist Action =Catalan= * Catalan nationalism ** Republican Left of Catalonia ** Acció Cat ...
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International Brigades
The International Brigades () were soldiers recruited and organized by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. The International Brigades existed for two years, from 1936 until 1938. It is estimated that during the entire war, there were some 32,000 Brigaders. Beyond the Spanish Civil War, "International Brigades" is also sometimes used interchangeably with the term List of foreign volunteers, foreign legion in reference to military units comprising foreigners who volunteer to fight in the military of another state, often in times of war. The headquarters of the brigade was located at the Gran Hotel, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha. They participated in the battles of Battle of Madrid, Madrid, Battle of Jarama, Jarama, Battle of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Battle of Brunete, Brunete, Battle of Belchite (1937), Belchite, Battle of Teruel, Teruel, Aragon Offensive, Aragon and ...
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing politics, left-leaning Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangism, Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and Traditionalism (Spain), traditionalists led by a National Defense Junta, military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international Interwar period#Great Depression, political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, a War of religion, religious struggle, or a struggle between dictatorship and Republicanism, republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, ...
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Peña And Sánchez
Peña, meaning "rocky outcrop" or "rocky summit" in the Spanish language (Aragonese: ''Penya'', Catalan: ''Penya''), may refer to: Mountains *Peña Montañesa, a mountain in the Pre-Pyrenees, Aragon, Spain * Peña de los Enamorados, a mountain near Antequera, Andalusia, Spain *Peña de Bernal, a mountain in Querétaro, Mexico *Peña Prieta, a mountain in the Cantabrian Mountains, highest point of the range outside the Picos de Europa * Peña Cebollera, a mountain in the Sistema Ibérico, one of the four highest peaks of the system *Peña de las Once, a mountain in the Pyrenees, Sobrarbe, Aragon; see List of mountains in Aragon *Peña del Mediodía, a mountain in the Pyrenees, Sobrarbe, Aragon; see List of mountains in Aragon *Peña Forca, a mountain in the Pyrenees, Jacetania, Aragon; see List of mountains in Aragon *Peña Gratal, a mountain in the Pre-Pyrenees, Hoya de Huesca, Aragon; see List of mountains in Aragon * Peña Falconera, a point near Morrano, Aragon, Spain *Peña Mir ...
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Fulgencio Yegros
Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de Torres (born 1780 in Quyquyhó, died 17 July 1821) was a Paraguayan soldier, landowner and the first head of state of independent Paraguay. The town of Yegros is named in his honor. Life Yegros was born to a family of military tradition and also pursued a military career. Grandson of governor , he studied in Asunción and joined the Spanish colonial army. He had his first combat experiences in 1802 against the Portuguese and in 1807 when he was part of the Paraguayan forces that defended Buenos Aires during British invasions of the Río de la Plata. He reached the rank of captain in 1810 and was given the governorship of Misiones. In early 1811 he participated in Paraguay campaign and defended Paraguay against the invaders led by Manuel Belgrano. Yegros and Pedro Juan Caballero were the main military figures in the Revolution of May 1811, which led to the Independence of Paraguay. Following independence, from June 19, 1811 until October 12, 1 ...
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Junta (governing Body)
Junta ( or ) is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian () term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a "military junta", the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a military. The literal meaning of the word derives from ''juntar'' (to join); a group of people with a common purpose. In Italy, a ''giunta'' is the civil Executive (government), executive of Regions of Italy, regions and municipalities (''comune''). In Spain, the term refers to various historical and current governing institutions of a particular territory or occasion. In English, the now-obsolete term "junto", derived from the Spanish "junta", was used without authoritarian connotation, first attested from 1641; the Whig Junto was a political faction in early 18th-century Britain. Historical examples * Junta (Habsburg) * Specific to Spain: ** Name of some of the institutions of government of the Autonomous communi ...
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