Junta ( or ) is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian () term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a "

military junta A military junta () is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in ...

", the government of an

authoritarian Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic votin ...

state run by high-ranking officers of a

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distin ...

. In

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

, a ''giunta'' is the civil executive of regions (see Regions of Italy#Institutions) and of municipalities (''

comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces ('' province''). The can ...

'', see Comune#Importance and function). In Spain, the term refers to various historical and current governing institutions of a particular territory or occasion. An earlier, different use of the word in English was the Whig Junto, a political faction in early 18th-century Britain. The term is not related to the

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominalization, nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cul ...

word '' Janatā'' (also transliterated as ''Jantā'' and ''Juntā''), which refers to ''the public/people/masses''.

Historical examples

* Junta (Habsburg) * Specific to Spain: ** Name of some of the institutions of government of the

autonomous communities In Spain, an autonomous community ( es, comunidad autónoma) is the first-level political divisions of Spain, political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Constitution of Spain, Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim o ...

of Spain ( Regional Government of Andalusia and ''Junta of Castile and León'') or the parliament of the Principality of Asturias ( General Junta of the Principality of Asturias) ** Junta (Peninsular War), 1808–1810 ** Junta acting as jury in

Valladolid debate The Valladolid debate (1550–1551) was the first moral debate in European history to discuss the rights and treatment of an indigenous people by European colonizers. Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it ...

, 1550s * Argentina: **

Primera Junta The Primera Junta ( en, First Junta) or ''Junta Provisional Gubernativa de las Provincias del Río de la Plata'' (''Provisional Governing Junta of the Provinces of the Río de la Plata''), is the most common name given to the first government of ...

, 1810 ** Junta Grande, 1810s ** National Reorganization Process, 1970's * Chile in the 1810s: ** List of Government Juntas of Chile * Portugal: ** National Salvation Junta, ruled 1974−1975, after the

Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lis ...

** Junta de freguesia, the executive body of a freguesia (civil parish) * Other organisations: ** Junta de Investigación de Accidentes de Aviación Civil, the Argentinian civil aviation accident investigation agency ** Revolutionary Government Junta, three consecutive Salvadoran joint civilian-military dictatorships **

Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviación Civil The ''Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board'' (JIAAC ) was the civil aviation accident investigation agency of Venezuela. The JIAAC had its headquarters in Chacao, Caracas, Miranda State. Before its closure, it was an organization under the ...

, the former Venezuelan civil aviation accident investigation agency **

Junta de Aviación Civil ''Junta de Aviación Civil de la República Dominicana'' (JAC) is the civil aviation authority of the Dominican Republic. Its headquarters is in Gazcue, Santo Domingo. As of 2012, Engineer Luís P. Rodríguez Ariza is the president of the JAC. O ...

, the Dominican Republic civil aviation authority ** Junta de Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Económico de la Vertiente Atlántica de Costa Rica, the Costa Rican Board of Port Administration and Economic Development of the Atlantic Coast ** Junta (trade unionism), a group of leading British trade unionists in the 1860s

References

{{Authority control Broad-concept articles Authoritarianism Spanish words and phrases Portuguese words and phrases

Historical examples

See also

References