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Para-Iodomethamphetamine
''para''-Iodomethamphetamine (PIMA), also known as 4-iodo-''N''-methylamphetamine (4-IMA) or as D-9, is a monoaminergic drug of the amphetamine family related to ''para''-chloroamphetamine (PCA). It is the ''N''-methyl analogue of ''para''-iodoamphetamine (PIA). The drug is active in producing behavioral effects in animals, including hallucinogen-like effects. However, it is unclear whether these effects actually represent hallucinogenic reactions. PIMA does not appear to have been assessed, but other ''para''-halogenated amphetamines, such as PCA, are known to act as monoamine releasing agents and as monoaminergic neurotoxins. They have not proved to be psychedelic in humans. PIMA was studied by Joseph Knoll and colleagues in the 1960s or 1970s. See also * Substituted amphetamine Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a chemical class, class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoaminergic
Monoaminergic means "working on monoamine neurotransmitters", which include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine. A monoaminergic, or monoaminergic drug, is a chemical, which functions to directly modulate the serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or histamine neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Monoaminergics include catecholaminergics (which can be further divided into adrenergics and dopaminergics), serotonergics, and histaminergics. Examples of monoaminergic drugs include monoamine precursors, monoamine receptor modulators, monoamine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine releasing agents, and monoamine metabolism modulators such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. See also * Adenosinergic * Adrenergic * Cannabinoidergic * Cholinergic * Dopaminergic * GABAergic * Glycinergic * Histaminergic * Melatonergic A melatonergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the melatonin system in the body or brain. Exam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a chemical class, class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substitution reaction, substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, Empathogen-entactogen, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted Derivative (chemistry), derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of ''Ephedra (genus), Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Methyl-DOI
''N''-Methyl-DOI, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-''N''-methylamphetamine (2,5-IDNA), is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families related to the serotonergic psychedelic DOI. It is a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor similarly to DOI. However, ''N''-methyl-DOI was about 3.8-fold less potent than DOI as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist in terms of and showed reduced maximal efficacy compared to DOI ( = 64% vs. 83%). On the other hand, it showed similar efficacy in activating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor to the psychedelic 2C-I ( = 68%). ''N''-Methyl-DOI was first described in the scientific literature, as a potential radiopharmaceutical for medical imaging, by Alexander Shulgin Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American biochemist, broad researcher of synthetic psychoactive compounds, and author of works regarding these, who independently explored the organic chemist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para-Fluoroamphetamine
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as ''para''-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine. Usage 4-FA is popular in the Netherlands where it is predominantly used for its specific effects (77% of users) rather than its legal status (18%). 4-FA has become illegal since May 2017. Effects The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para-Chloromethamphetamine
''para''-Chloromethamphetamine (also known as 4-chloromethamphetamine and 4-CMA; code name Ro 4-6861) is a stimulant that is the ''N''-methyl derivative and prodrug of the neurotoxic drug ''para''-chloroamphetamine (4-CA). It has been found to decrease serotonin in rats. Further investigation into the long-term effects of chloroamphetamines discovered that administration of 4-CMA caused a prolonged reduction in the levels of serotonin and the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain one month after injection of a single dose of the drug. Another study on rats found that 4-chloromethamphetamine was more potent at inducing conditioned taste aversion than methamphetamine. 4-Chloromethamphetamine was further investigated in the 1960s along with 4-CA and it was noted that they differed from their parent amphetamine and methamphetamine substances by exhibiting only a slight central stimulant effect in both animals and humans and that they acted like antidepressants rather t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para-Chloroamphetamine
''para''-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), also known as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA), is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and serotonergic neurotoxin of the amphetamine family. It is used in scientific research in the study of the serotonin system, as a serotonin releasing agent (SRA) at lower doses to produce serotonergic effects, and as a serotonergic neurotoxin at higher doses to produce long-lasting depletions of serotonin. PCA has also been clinically studied as an appetite suppressant and antidepressant, but findings of neurotoxicity in animals discouraged further evaluation. It has also been encountered as a designer drug, although it never achieved popularity, again perhaps due to its neurotoxicity. Effects PCA was studied clinically as an appetite suppressant and antidepressant and its effects in these studies were described. It has been said to have only slight stimulant effects and to behave more like an antidepressant than a stimulant. At doses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
