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Pandy, Ceiriog Valley
Pandy is a hamlet in the Ceiriog Valley, Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It is located on the confluence of the River Ceiriog to the east, and the smaller River Teirw flowing from Nantyr moors to the north-west. The river level at Pandy of the River Ceiriog is ~, downstream from Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog, and upstream from Glyn Ceiriog. Pandy means "fulling mill" in Welsh. The hamlet is home to a fulling mill thought to be the oldest fulling mill in Wales, dating to 1365, which was later converted into a pub known as the Woolpack Inn, also providing visitor accommodation, and until 2016, was home to the Pandy Mill Gallery, dedicated to glass art. Minerals were also extracted from the local Pandy area, including silica, dolerite, and China stone. Craig y Pandy (the Pandy crags) composed of Volcanic tuff overlooks the hamlet. The Glyn Valley Tramway used to pass the hamlet and was the main transport link of the hamlet, since superseded by the B4500 road which passes through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulling Mill
Fulling, also known as felting, tucking or walking (Scots: ''waukin'', hence often spelled waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven or knitted cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate (lanoline) oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure. The work delivers a smooth, tightly finished fabric that is isolating and water repellent. Well known example are duffel cloth, first produced in Flanders in the 14th century and loden, produced in Austria from the 16th century on. The practice to do this by hand or feet died out with the introduction of machines during the industrial revolution. Process Fulling involves two processes: scouring and milling (thickening). Originally, fulling was carried out by the pounding of the woollen cloth with a club, or the fuller's feet or hands. In Scottish Gaelic tradition, this process was accompanied by waulking songs, which women sang to set th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh Language
Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Both the Welsh and English languages are ''de jure'' official languages of the Welsh Parliament, the Senedd. According to the 2021 census, the Welsh-speaking population of Wales aged three or older was 17.8% (538,300 people) and nearly three quarters of the population in Wales said they had no Welsh language skills. Other estimates suggest that 29.7% (899,500) of people aged three or older in Wales could speak Welsh in June 2022. Almost half of all Welsh speakers consider themselves fluent Welsh speakers and 21 per cent are able to speak a fair amount of Welsh. The Welsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COVID-19 Pandemic In Wales
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Wales on 28 February 2020, with a case being reported in the Swansea area; this first known case was a person who had recently returned from Italy. The first known case of community transmission was reported on 11 March in the Caerphilly area. Wide-ranging restrictions began on many aspects of life in the second half of March 2020; restrictions were relaxed in Wales during the summer once the first wave of virus had passed. In the autumn of that year, with cases rising, restrictions began to be tightened again with individual areas being placed under localised lockdowns. A two-week complete "circuit-breaker" lockdown began in late October. Rising cases and a new variant of the virus led to restrictions being increased again in December. The rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations and a fall in cases led to restrictions being relaxed in the spring and summer. Restrictions were briefly tightened and relaxed at around the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyn Valley Tramway
Glyn means "Valley" in Welsh and may refer to: *Glyn (name), including a list of people with the name *Baron Glyn, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom *Glyn baronets, created for members of the Glyn family *Glyn Ceiriog, a former slate mining village in Wrexham County Borough, in Wales *Glyn Technology School, an English boys' school in Epsom and Ewell * Glyn Valley Tramway, a narrow gauge railway between Chirk and Glyn Ceiriog in Denbighshire, Wales * Mynydd y Glyn, a mountain in South Wales, between the towns of Pontypridd and Tonyrefail *An electoral ward in the community of Llanelli Rural in Carmarthenshire, Wales *An electoral ward in the community of Colwyn Bay Colwyn Bay ( cy, Bae Colwyn) is a town, community and seaside resort in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales overlooking the Irish Sea. It lies within the historic county of Denbighshire. Eight neighbouring communities are incorpor ... in Conwy, Wales See also * Glynn (other) * G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanic Tuff
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid rock. Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock containing 25% to 75% ash is described as tuffaceous (for example, ''tuffaceous sandstone''). Tuff composed of sandy volcanic material can be referred to as volcanic sandstone. Tuff is a relatively soft rock, so it has been used for construction since ancient times. Because it is common in Italy, the Romans used it often for construction. The Rapa Nui people used it to make most of the ''moai'' statues on Easter Island. Tuff can be classified as either igneous or sedimentary rock. It is usually studied in the context of igneous petrology, although it is sometimes described using sedimentological terms. Tuff is often erroneously called tufa in guidebooks and in television programmes. Volcanic ash The material that is expelled in a volcani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crag And Tail
A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground. Origin Crags are formed when a glacier or ice sheet passes over an area that contains a particularly resistant rock formation (often granite, a volcanic plug or some other volcanic structure). The force of the glacier erodes the surrounding softer material, leaving the rocky block protruding from the surrounding terrain. Frequently the crag serves as a partial shelter to softer material in the wake of the glacier, which remains as a gradual fan or ridge forming a tapered ramp (called the tail) up the leeward side of the crag. In older examples, or those latterly surrounded by the sea, the tail is often missing, having been removed by post-glacial erosion. Examples Examples of crag and tail formations include: * Castle Rock (the crag, site of Edinburgh Castle) and the Royal Mile (the tail), in Edinburgh, Scotland * Salisbury Crags and Arthur's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China Stone
China stone is a medium grained, feldspar-rich partially kaolinised granite characterized by the absence of iron-bearing minerals.Cornwall County Council website, ''China clay and china stone'' undated, URL retrieved on 14 September 2007 It is mainly used for making , hence the name, and coatings for paper. Its discovery in the mid-18th century was a crucial event in the development of the English porcelain industry. The William Cookworthy [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolerite
Diabase (), also called dolerite () or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro. Diabase dikes and sills are typically shallow intrusive bodies and often exhibit fine-grained to aphanitic chilled margins which may contain tachylite (dark mafic glass). ''Diabase'' is the preferred name in North America, while ''dolerite'' is the preferred name in the rest of the English-speaking world, where sometimes the name ''diabase'' refers to altered dolerites and basalts. Some geologists prefer to avoid confusion by using the name ''microgabbro''. The name ''diabase'' comes from the French ', and ultimately from the Greek - meaning "act of crossing over, transition". Petrography Diabase normally has a fine but visible texture of euhedral lath-shaped plagioclase crystals (62%) set in a finer matrix of clinopyroxene, typically augite (20–29%), with minor olivine (3% up to 12% in olivine diabase), magnetite (2%), and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive. Because of its high chemical affinity for oxygen, it was not until 1823 that Jöns Jakob Berzelius was first able to prepare it and characterize it in pure form. Its oxides form a family of anions known as silicates. Its melting and boiling points of 1414 °C and 3265 °C, respectively, are the second highest among all the metalloids and nonmetals, being surpassed only by boron. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is widely distributed in space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glass Art
Glass art refers to individual works of art that are substantially or wholly made of glass. It ranges in size from monumental works and installation pieces to wall hangings and windows, to works of art made in studios and factories, including glass jewelry and tableware. As a decorative and functional medium, glass was extensively developed in Egypt and Assyria. Glassblowing was perhaps invented in the 1st century BC, and featured heavily in Roman glass, which was highly developed with forms such as the cage cup for a luxury market. Islamic glass was the most sophisticated of the early Middle Ages. Then the builders of the great Norman and Gothic cathedrals of Europe took the art of glass to new heights with the use of stained glass windows as a major architectural and decorative element. Glass from Murano, in the Venetian Lagoon, (also known as Venetian glass) is the result of hundreds of years of refinement and invention. Murano is still held as the birthplace of modern g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrexham County Borough Council
Wrexham County Borough Council () is the governing body for Wrexham County Borough, a principal area in north Wales, covering Wrexham and the surrounding area. History Elections take place every five years. The Labour Party held power on the council after the 2012 election, but lost it after splitting because of an internal row. Several Labour councillors became independent, allowing the Independent group to take control in alliance with the Conservatives. At the 2017 election, the independents retained their dominance. A coalition of the Independent group, the Wrexham Independents group and the Conservatives agreed to run the council for the next 5 years to 2022. On 28 November 2018 Councillor Paul Rogers left the Conservative Group to become non-aligned. He then went on to join the Independent group on 15 May 2019. On 7 November 2019, Councillor Ronnie Prince also joined the main Independent group having been non-aligned since the last election. Independent councillor for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clwyd South (UK Parliament Constituency)
Clwyd South ( cy, De Clwyd) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster). The constituency was created in 1997, and it elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post method of election. The Clwyd South Senedd constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999 (as an Assembly constituency). Boundaries The constituency straddles the authorities of Denbighshire and the borough of Wrexham. Main population centres includes the suburbs of Ruabon, Chirk, Rhosllannerchrugog, Cefn Mawr and Coedpoeth to the south of the city of Wrexham, in addition to Llangollen and Corwen further up the Dee valley to the west. Until the 2010 election, the constituency used to include a small part of the preserved county of Powys. This anomaly was resolved by the Boundary Commission for Wales with the boundaries first used in 2010. The constituency comprises the following electoral wards: *From Wrexham: Overton, Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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