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Pan Shusi
Pan Shusi (; ?–956) was a military figure of Ma Chu who was killed by Zhou Xingfeng. Pan was born in Langzhou (朗州), now modern Changde, Hunan. During his career, Pan Shusi was sent to execute Liu Yan. Pan would also later execute Wang Kui. Zhou Xingfeng then demoted Pan for murdering Wang, causing Pan to be angry and rebellious. Zhou then sent envoys to capture and behead Pan.Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 292《资治通鉴》卷二百九十二 Biography Pan collaborated with Zhou Xingfen (周行逢) and Zhang Wenbiao (张文表). Murder of Wang Kui In May 954, the first year of the Xiande (显德) era of Guo Wei of the Later Zhou, Pan was appointed as the envoy (团练使 ''tuanlianshi'') of Yue Prefecture (Hunan). After Wang Kui (王逵) captured Langzhou, Wang sent Pan to execute Liu Yan (刘言). Wang then passed through Yue Prefecture, while Wang's subordinates repeatedly asked for bribes from Pan, which Pan refused. As a result, Wang's soldiers reported back to Wang and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Chu
Chu (), known in historiography as Ma Chu () or Southern Chu (), was a Dynasties of China, dynastic state of China that existed from 907 to 951. It is counted as one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period#Ten Kingdoms, Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Founding Ma Yin was named regional governor by the Tang dynasty, Tang court in 896 after fighting against a rebel named Yang Xingmi. He declared himself as the Prince of Chu with the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907. Ma's position as Prince of Chu was confirmed by the Later Tang in the north in 927 and was given the posthumous title of King Wumu of Chu. Territories The capital of the Chu Kingdom was Changsha (Tanzhou (in modern Hunan), Tanzhou). The kingdom ruled over present-day Hunan and northeastern Guangxi. Economy Chu was peaceful and prosperous under Ma Yin's rule, exporting horses, silk and tea. Silk and lead coinage were often used as currency, particularly with extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiedushi
The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissioner", " legate", or "regional commander". Originally introduced in 711 to counter external threats, the ''jiedushi'' were posts authorized with the supervision of a defense command often encompassing several prefectures, the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes and promote and appoint subordinates. Powerful ''jiedushi'' eventually became '' fanzhen'' rulers (''de facto'' warlords) and overrode the power of the central government of Tang. An early example of this was An Lushan, who was appointed ''jiedushi'' of three regions, which he used to start the An Lushan Rebellion that abruptly ended the golden age of the Tang dynasty. Even after the difficult suppression of that rebellion, some ''jiedushi'' such as the Three Fanz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Chu People
Ma, MA, or mA may refer to: Academia * Master of Arts, a degree award * Marin Academy, a high school in San Rafael, California * Menlo-Atherton High School, a public high school in Atherton, California * Minnehaha Academy, a private high school in Minneapolis, Minnesota Arts and entertainment Music * ''Ma'' (Anjan Dutt album) (1998) * ''Ma'' (Rare Earth album) (1973) * ''Ma'' (Sagarika album) (1998) * ''Ma'' (Zubeen Garg album) (2019) * '' Ma! (He's Making Eyes at Me)'', 1974 debut album of Scottish singer Lena Zavaroni * Massive Attack, a British trip hop band * In music instructions, "but", especially in the phrase ''ma non troppo'' (see Glossary of musical terminology#M) * In tonic sol-fa, a flattened me * Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives, a website devoted to heavy metal bands Fictional characters * Ma (''The Lion King''), a main character in the animated film ''Lion King 1½'' * Ma Beagle, in the Donald Duck universe * Ma Hunkel, a DC Comics charac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
956 Deaths
Year 956 ( CMLVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – Emperor Constantine VII appoints Nikephoros Phokas to commander of the Byzantine field army (''Domestic of the Schools'') in the East. He gives him order to prepare a campaign against the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla. Constantine makes treaties with neighbouring rulers, to seek military aid. * September - October – A Byzantine fleet under Basil Hexamilites deals a crushing defeat to the Hamdanid fleet at Tarsus in Cilicia (modern Turkey). Europe * Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I (the Great), reconciles with his father and asks again for installation as duke of Swabia. Otto refuses, but at the instigation of his uncle Bruno I (duke of Lotharingia) allows Liudolf to lead an expedition to Italy to bring the vassal Berengar of Ivrea to heel. * Berengar of Ivrea dispatches a Lombard army under his son Adalbert II to counter Liudolf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Executed By Ma Chu
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan You
Pan You (; 938–973) was a politician of the Southern Tang who was arrested by Li Yu and killed by hanging. Pan You was born in Youzhou, now modern Beijing. During the Southern Tang there were many officials that tried to use the Rites of Zhou to reform the law but failed. Pan You was familiar with classics and history, including the works of Laozi and Zhuangzi. He enjoyed writing and once wrote a thousand word letter to the Southern Han. He authored the 10-volume work "Xingyang Collection" (滎陽集), which is now lost. Li Yu, ruler of the Southern Tang, lived a luxurious life. During his reign, Pan You went to court seven times and was severely criticized for his writing on politics. During the decline of the Southern Tang, Pan's writings provoked the anger of Li Yu. As a result, Li Yu sent people to arrest and kill Pan You, poisoned Lin Renzhao, and Pan You died by hanging. In 978, Li Yu confessed to killing Pan You. Pan You's life was documented in Book of Southern Tang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decapitation
Decapitation is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and all vertebrate animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood by way of severing through the jugular vein and common carotid artery, while all other organs are deprived of the autonomic nervous system, involuntary functions that are needed for the body to function. The term beheading refers to the act of deliberately decapitating a person, either as a means of murder or as an capital punishment, execution; it may be performed with an axe, sword, or knife, or by mechanical means such as a guillotine. An executioner who carries out executions by beheading is sometimes called a headsman. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, a car or industrial accident, improperly administered execution by hanging or other violent injury. The national laws of Saudi Arabia and Yemen permit beheading. Under Sharia in Nigeria, Sharia, which exclusively appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Punishment
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator(s) allegedly committed the crime. Because individuals who are not responsible for the acts are targeted, collective punishment is not compatible with the basic principle of individual responsibility. The punished group may often have no direct association with the perpetrator other than living in the same area and can not be assumed to exercise control over the perpetrator's actions. Collective punishment is prohibited by treaty in both international and non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Article 4 of the Additional Protocol II. Sources of law Hague Conventions The Hague C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fu (tally)
Fu () was a Tally stick, tally, which was used as a proof of authorization in ancient China, which typically consists of two parts. Generals would use the fu as an imperial authorization for troop movements and for other purposes while amongst the populace, it was used as a proof of authorization for goods exchanges or for leases. The official fu was made of bamboo, wood, metal (gold, silver, bronze) or jade. Although it could be made in various shapes (such as tiger, dragon, turtle, snake, fish or human), most of them come in the shape of a tiger. Terminology The term fu refers to the magical drawings used by the adepts of Taoist and Buddhist tantric masters. Shapes of fu Classical description of tallies is found in the Zhou li, which refers to the tallies of jade and horn, and mentions the shapes of tiger, human, dragon, seal, and banner. Toothed tally/Chang A toothed type of tally, called ''chang'', was used in the Early Zhou dynasty; they were used by kings to verify t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tan Prefecture (Hunan)
Tanzhou or Tan Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Changsha, Hunan, China. In the Yuan dynasty it was known as Tanzhou Route () and in the Ming dynasty as Tanzhou Fu (). It existed (intermittently) from 589 to 1372. Geography The administrative region of Tanzhou in the Tang dynasty falls within modern eastern Hunan. It probably includes modern: *Under the administration of Changsha: **Changsha **Liuyang **Changsha County ** Ningxiang *Under the administration of Zhuzhou: **Zhuzhou **Zhuzhou County **Liling *Under the administration of Xiangtan: **Xiangtan ** Xiangxiang **Xiangtan County *Under the administration of Yiyang Yiyang ( zh, s=益阳 , t=益陽 , p=Yìyáng) is a prefecture-level city on the Zi River in Hunan province, China, straddling Lake Dongting and bordering Hubei to the north. According to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Repub ...: **Yiyang References * Prefectures of the Sui dynasty Prefectu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changde
Changde (; Traditional Chinese characters, traditional Chinese: 常德區 ) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Hunan province, People's Republic of China. Changde, known as "Wuling" in ancient times, is located on the west side of Dongting Lake in the south of the Yangtze, Yangtze River, at the foot of Wuling Mountains, Wuling Mountain. It is historically known as "the throat of Sichuan and Guizhou, and the gateway to Yunnan and Guizhou". In addition to the urban districts, Changde also administers the county-level city of Jinshi City, Jinshi and six counties. Changde is adjacent to Dongting Lake to the east, the city of Yiyang to the south, Wuling Mountains, Wuling and Xuefeng Mountains to the west, and Hubei province to the north. The area has been inhabited by humans since around 8,000 years ago. In that time, the city has changed names several times, but it has been known as Changde since the 12th century. The city is well known for the Battle of Changde during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siku Quanshu
The ''Siku Quanshu'', literally the ''Complete Library of the Four Treasuries'', is a Chinese encyclopedia commissioned during the Qing dynasty by the Qianlong Emperor. Commissioned in 1772 and completed in 1782, the ''Siku quanshu'' is the largest collection of books in imperial Chinese history, comprising 36,381 volumes, 79,337 manuscript rolls, 2.3 million pages, and about 997 million words. The complete encyclopedia contains an annotated catalogue of 10,680 titles along with a compendiums of 3,593 titles. The ''Siku Quanshu'' surpassed the 1403 ''Yongle Encyclopedia'' created by the previous Ming dynasty, which had been China's largest encyclopedia. Complete copies of the ''Siku Quanshu'' are held at the National Library of China in Beijing, the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the Gansu Library in Lanzhou, and the Zhejiang Library in Hangzhou. Compilation Creation The Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty ordered the creation of the ''Siku Quanshu'' in 1772. Local a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
