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Palaungic Language
The Palaungic or Palaung–Wa languages are a group of nearly 30 Austroasiatic languages, with scholars disagreeing on exactly which languages to include in the classification. They are spoken in scattered pockets across an inland region of Southeast Asia, centered on the borders between Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China. Phonological developments Most of the Palaungic languages lost the contrastive voiced consonant, voicing of the ancestral Austroasiatic consonants, with the distinction often shifting to the following vowel. In the Wa branch, this is generally realized as breathy voice vowel phonation; in Palaung–Riang, as a two-way Tone (linguistics)#Register tones and contour tones, register tone system. The Angkuic languages have Tone (linguistics)#Register tones and contour tones, contour tone — the U language, for example, has four tones, ''high, low, rising, falling,'' — but these developed from vowel length and the nature of final consonants, not from the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam as well as Peninsular Malaysia. The term ''Indochina'' (originally ''Indo-China'') was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the historical cultural influence of Indian and Chinese civilizations on the region. The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). Today, the term "Mainland Southeast Asia" is more commonly used, in contrast to Maritime Southeast Asia for the island groups off the coast of the peninsula. Terminology In Indian sources, the earliest name connected with Southeast Asia is . Another possible early name of mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexical Innovation
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called semantic augmentation) in order to introduce new terms into a language's lexicon. Most commonly, this is found in technical disciplines where new concepts require names, which often takes the form of jargon. For example, in the subjects of sociology or philosophy, there is an increased technicalization in terminology in the English language for different concepts over time. Many novel terms or meanings in a language are created as a result of translation from a source language, in which certain concepts were first introduced (e.g. from Plato's Ancient Greek into Latin or from Kant's German into English). Lexical innovation via neologism A straightforward method of introducing new terms in a language is to create a neologism, i.e. a completely new lexical item in the lexicon. For example, in the philosopher Heidegger's nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mok Language
Mok (/mɔ̀k/ ‘mountain people’), also known as Amok, Hsen-Hsum, and Muak, is an Angkuic language or dialect cluster spoken in Shan State, Myanmar 7 speakers in Lampang province, Thailand were reported by Wurm & Hattori (1981). Varieties Hall & Devereux (2018) report that five varieties of Mok are spoken in Shan State, Myanmar, providing the following comparative vocabulary table.Hall, Elizabeth and Shane Devereux (2018). ''Preliminary Mok Phonology and Implications for Angkuic Sound Change.'' Paper presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, held May 17-19, 2018 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. These varieties have some lexical similarity (the lowest being 88%) with each other, but very low lexical similarity with the other Angkuic languages.Phakawee Tannumsaeng (2020). ''A Preliminary Grammar of Mok, Hwe Koi Variety, Chiang Rai, With Special Focus on the Anaphoric Use of tɤ́ʔ''. Payap University. Owen (2018) names these varieties Hwe Law, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kemie Language
Man Met, or Kemie ( ''Kemiehua''), is a poorly classified Austroasiatic language spoken by about 1,000 people in Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, China. It is classified as an Angkuic language by Paul Sidwell (2010). It may be or Mangic according to Li Yunbing (2005), or Palaungic. Like most other Austroasiatic languages, Kemie has subject–verb–object (SVO) word order In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how languages employ different orders. Correlatio .... Autonyms include ' (曼咪), ' (克蔑), and ' (克敏), or ''khaʔ33 min33''. Distribution Kemie is spoken in the following villages by just over 1,000 people. *Jinghong Township (景洪镇) **Xiaomanmi (小曼咪村, 58 households, 256 persons) **Damanmi (大曼咪村, 53 households, 234 persons) **Jiangtou Manmi (江头曼咪村, 33 households, 124 persons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kon Keu Language
Hu (), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angku language is not intelligible with Bulang. Distribution According to Li (2006:340), there are fewer than 1,000 speakers living on the slopes of the "Kongge" Mountain ("控格山") in Na Huipa village (纳回帕村), Mengyang township (勐养镇), Jinghong (景洪市, a county-level city). Hu speakers call themselves the ', and the local Dai peoples call them the "black people" (黑人), as well as ', meaning 'surviving souls'. They are also known locally as the Kunge people (昆格人) or Kongge people (控格人). References Further reading * * * * External links RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)Hu in RWAAI Digital Archive* Hu recordings in Kaipuleohone include a word list, sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiorr Language
Kiorr (Kha Kior) is a Palaungic language of Luang Namtha Province, Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and .... Diffloth & Zide (1992) had listed Con as a Lametic language. However, it is treated as a dialect of Kiorr in Sidwell (2010). Kiorr could be a historical name for the Saamtaav people.Proschan, Frank. (1996)A Survey of Khmuic and Palaungic Languages in Laos and Vietnam In: Pan-Asiatic Linguistics Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development. Mahidol University at Salaya Thailand. References Palaungic languages Languages of Laos {{AustroAsiatic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Language
Hu (), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angku language is not intelligible with Bulang. Distribution According to Li (2006:340), there are fewer than 1,000 speakers living on the slopes of the "Kongge" Mountain ("控格山") in Na Huipa village (纳回帕村), Mengyang township (勐养镇), Jinghong (景洪市, a county-level city). Hu speakers call themselves the ', and the local Dai peoples call them the "black people" (黑人), as well as ', meaning 'surviving souls'. They are also known locally as the Kunge people (昆格人) or Kongge people (控格人). References Further reading * * * * External links RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)Hu in RWAAI Digital Archive* Hu recordings in Kaipuleohone include a word list, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angku Language
Hu (), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angku language is not intelligible with Bulang. Distribution According to Li (2006:340), there are fewer than 1,000 speakers living on the slopes of the "Kongge" Mountain ("控格山") in Na Huipa village (纳回帕村), Mengyang township (勐养镇), Jinghong (景洪市, a county-level city). Hu speakers call themselves the ', and the local Dai peoples call them the "black people" (黑人), as well as ', meaning 'surviving souls'. They are also known locally as the Kunge people (昆格人) or Kongge people (控格人). References Further reading * * * * External links RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)Hu in RWAAI Digital Archive* Hu recordings in Kaipuleohone include a word list, sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danau Language
Danau, also spelled Htanaw or Danaw (), is an Austroasiatic language of Myanmar (Burma). It is the most divergent member of the Palaungic branch (Sidwell 2010). According to community estimates (2023), Danau is spoken by about 3,000 people in six villages near Aungban, Kalaw Township, Shan State. Danau was described as a "critically endangered" language in UNESCO's 2010 ''Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger.'' Name Danau is the most common English form of the ethnonym; the Danau themselves pronounce the name of their ethnic group and language as . The meaning and origin of the name are unknown. Zaw Lwin Oo (2021:35) states that the endonym ''kənɒ̀'' means 'the people who like to live peacefully' (အေးအေးဆေးဆေး နေတတ်သောလူမျိုး). This etymology of the name is unknown to the native speakers, though, and no related word is found in the present-day language. Speakers The Danau are a little known ethnic group in Myanmar. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinchia Language
Riang is a Palaungic language of Burma and China. Speakers are culturally assimilated with the Karen, but are Palaung by ancestry and their language is unrelated. Riang Lang and Riang Lai (Yinchia) are sometimes considered distinct languages. Phonology Riang Lang consonants described by Hall (2018): Vowels (Hall 2018): Riang Lang is sesquisyllabic Primarily in Austroasiatic languages (also known as Mon–Khmer), in a typical word, a minor syllable, presyllable, or sesquisyllable, is a reduced (minor) syllable followed by a full tonic or stressed syllable. The minor syllable may be of the for ... and has two tones. Its typical word template is ((C)ə̆(C)).(C)(C)V(C)t.Hall, Elizabeth. (2018) ''A phonological analysis of Riang Lang''. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society (JSEALS), 11:2/ref> References *Shintani Tadahiko. 2014. ''The Riang language''. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 101. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumai Language
Palaung or Ta'ang (), also known as De'ang (; ), is a Austroasiatic dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries. The Palaung people are divided into Palé (Ruching), Rumai, and Shwe, and each of whom have their own language. The Riang languages are reported to be unintelligible or only understood with great difficulty by native speakers of the other Palaung languages. A total number of speakers is uncertain; there were 150,000 Shwe speakers in 1982, 272,000 Ruching (Palé) speakers in 2000, and 139,000 Rumai speakers at an unrecorded date. Palaung was classified as a "severely endangered" language in UNESCO's ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''.' The Rulai dialect spoken near Lashio has regular phonological changes and some lexical differences from Ruching''.'' Dialects Yan and Zhou (2012) Chinese linguists classify "De'ang 德昂" varieties (spoken mostly in Santaishan Ethnic De'ang Township 三台山德昂族� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
