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Hu Language
Hu (), also Angku or Kon Keu, is a Palaungic language of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Angku as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angku language is not intelligible with Bulang. Distribution According to Li (2006:340), there are fewer than 1,000 speakers living on the slopes of the "Kongge" Mountain ("控格山") in Na Huipa village (纳回帕村), Mengyang township (勐养镇), Jinghong (景洪市, a county-level city). Hu speakers call themselves the ', and the local Dai peoples call them the "black people" (黑人), as well as ', meaning 'surviving souls'. They are also known locally as the Kunge people (昆格人) or Kongge people (控格人). References Further reading * * * * External links RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)Hu in RWAAI Digital Archive* Hu recordings in Kaipuleohone include a word list, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, Autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions of Guangxi and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, as well as Southeast Asian countries Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, and Laos. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the Northwest and low elevations in the Southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasi–Palaungic Languages
The Khasi–Palaungic languages are a primary branch of the Austroasiatic language family of Southeast Asia in the classification of Sidwell (2011, 2018). This is a departure from Diffloth (2005) classification of Khasi-Khmuic with Khmuic and Mangic (Pakanic) now being separate branches within Austroasiatic family. Languages As per the classification of Sidwell (2011) and (2018), the Khasi–Palaungic languages are as follows: * Khasi–Palaungic ** Khasic: War, Lyngngam, Khasi... ** Palaungic: Palaung, Riang, Blang, Wa... References *Diffloth, Gérard 2005. "The contribution of linguistic palaeontology and Austroasiatic". in Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, eds. ''The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics.'' 77–80. London: Routledge Curzon. *Sidwell, Paul. 2011.. ''Proto-Khasian and Khasi-Palaungic''. Austroasiatic Languages Project. Australian National University *Sidwell, Paul. 2014.Khmuic classificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaungic Languages
The Palaungic or Palaung–Wa languages are a group of nearly 30 Austroasiatic languages, with scholars disagreeing on exactly which languages to include in the classification. They are spoken in scattered pockets across an inland region of Southeast Asia, centered on the borders between Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China. Phonological developments Most of the Palaungic languages lost the contrastive voicing of the ancestral Austroasiatic consonants, with the distinction often shifting to the following vowel. In the Wa branch, this is generally realized as breathy voice vowel phonation; in Palaung–Riang, as a two-way register tone system. The Angkuic languages have contour tone — the U language, for example, has four tones, ''high, low, rising, falling,'' — but these developed from vowel length and the nature of final consonants, not from the voicing of initial consonants. Homeland Paul Sidwell (2015) suggests that the Palaungic Urheimat (homeland) was in what ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angkuic Languages
The Angkuic languages are spoken in Yunnan province, China and Shan State, Burma. Languages * U (P'uman) * Hu (Kongge, Kun'ge, Kon Keu) * Man Met (Kemie) * Mok * Muak Sa-aak * Va * Mong Lue (Tai Loi) ? Classification Andrew Hsiu (2015)Hsiu, Andrew. 2015''The Angkuic languages: a preliminary survey'' Paper presented ICAAL 6 (6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics), Siem Reap, Cambodia. proposes the following tentative classification scheme for the Angkuic languages. ;Angkuic *''Eastern'' ( Va) ** Va, Northern ** Va, Southern *''Northern'' ( U) **Xiaoheijiang U (Alva, Auva, U of Shuangjiang) **Northeastern U (P’uman, Avala) **Northwestern U *''Southern'' (?) ** Man Met ** Hu ** Muak Sa-aak **Angku (?) *''Dagun'' (?) Hsiu (2015) suggests that the Angkuic languages originated in the Mekong River valley in the Sipsongpanna area, and subsequently dispersed upstream into western and central Yunnan. Lexical innovations Hsiu (2015) lists the following lexical i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
Xishuangbanna, sometimes shortened to Banna, is one of the eight autonomous prefectures of Yunnan Province. The autonomous prefecture for Dai people is in the extreme south of Yunnan province, China, bordering both Myanmar and Laos. Xishuangbanna lies at latitude 21°10′-22°40′ and longitude 99°55′-101°50′ east, on the northern edge of the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer. It has an area of 19,124.5 square kilometers, bordering Pu'er City, Pu'er City to the northeast and northwest, Laos to the Southeast Asia, southeast and Myanmar to the southwest. The border is 966.3 kilometers long, one river connects six countries, and there are four national ports. The prefectural seat is Jinghong, the largest settlement in the area and one that straddles the Mekong, called the "Lancang River" in Chinese. This region of China is noted for the distinct culture of its ethnic groups, which is very different from that of the Han Chinese. The people, architecture, language and cultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blang People
The Blang people (known in China as Bulang; ) or Plang () are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They live in the areas of southern China, and parts of Myanmar and Thailand. There are estimated 1,200 of them in Thailand, living mostly in Chiang Rai province with some emigrated to work as laborers and settle in Nakhon Pathom province and in Greater Bangkok. Names Yan & Zhou (2012:147)Yan Qixiang ��其香& Zhou Zhizhi ��植志(2012). ''Mon-Khmer languages of China and the Austroasiatic family'' ��国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系 Beijing: Social Sciences Academy Press Social Sciences Literature Press. list the following autonyms of ethnic Bulang in various counties. *' (布朗): in Xishuangbanna *' (阿佤): in Shuangjiang and Lancang counties *' (乌德尔): some Bulang of Shuangjiang; means 'mountain people' *' (乌): in Yongde (' in Gantang 甘塘), Zhenkang, Shidian (' in Hazhai 哈 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinghong
Jinghong (; ; , , ; , ; , ; also formerly romanised as ''Chiang Hung'', ''Chengrung'', ''Cheng Hung'', Jeng Hung, ''Jinghung'', ''Keng Hung'', ''Kiang Hung'' and ''Muangjinghung'') is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in the far south of China's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai peoples, Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna. History The town was founded as Chiang Hung (Cheli), by Tai king Phanya Coeng in 1180. Kingdom of Chiang Hung (Sipsongpanna) During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China, the Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna began a close and long-lasting relationship to Lanna, another historic Tai kingdom that lay south. In 1296, Lanna's capital Chiang Mai was founded by Mangrai, whose maternal grandfather was King Rung Kaen Chai () of Jinghong (i.e.: Sipsongpanna). The kingdoms of Sipsongpanna and Lanna maintained ties through migration and intermarriage. In 1401, the Sipsongpanna Tai ruler Tau Se Da Xam (pinyin: Dao Xianda) attack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County-level City
A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local ordinance, local law and are usually governed by Administrative divisions of China#Prefectural level (2nd), prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by Administrative divisions of China#Provincial level (1st), province-level divisions. A county-level city is a "city" () and "county" () that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. As such, it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entity, and a county, which is an administrative division of a prefecture. Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing denser populated Counties of China, counties. County-level cities are not "city, cities" in the strictest sense of the word, since they usually contain rural areas many times the size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dai People
The Dai people ( Burmese: ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ; ; ; , ; , ; zh, c=, p=Dǎizú) are several Tai-speaking ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of China's Yunnan Province. The Dai people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. By extension, the term can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general. For other names, see the table below. Name ambiguity The Dai people are closely related to the Shan, Lao and Thai people who form a majority in Laos and Thailand, and a large minority in Myanmar. Originally, the Tai, or Dai, lived closely together in modern Yunnan Province until political chaos and wars in the north at the end of the Tang and Song dynasty and various nomadic peoples prompted some to move furth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaipuleohone
Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored in the ScholarSpace repository of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa and maintained by the Department of Linguistics of the University's College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature. Kaipuleohone was established by Nick Thieberger in 2008. It is a member of thDigital Endangered Languages and Musics Archiving Network(DELAMAN). The term ''kaipuleohone'' means 'gourd of sweet words' and symbolizes the impression of an accumulation of language material. Kaipuleohone comprises several collections including Kaipuleohone Audio Files, the Bickerton Collection, the Blust Collection, the Bradshaw Collection, and the Sato Collection. The archive director is Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker. See also *Language Documentation & Conservation ''Langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10125/37814
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
