The Angkuic languages are spoken in
Yunnan
Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...
province,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
and
Shan State
Shan State (, ; , ) is a administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos (Louang Namtha Province, Louang Namtha and Bokeo Provinces) to the east, and Thailand (Chiang Rai Province, Chia ...
,
Burma
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...
.
Languages
*
U (P'uman)
*
Hu (Kongge, Kun'ge, Kon Keu)
*
Man Met (Kemie)
*
Mok
*
Muak Sa-aak
*
Va
*
Mong Lue (Tai Loi) ?
Classification
Andrew Hsiu (2015)
[Hsiu, Andrew. 2015]
''The Angkuic languages: a preliminary survey''
Paper presented ICAAL 6 (6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics), Siem Reap, Cambodia. proposes the following tentative classification scheme for the Angkuic languages.
;Angkuic
*''Eastern'' (
Va)
**
Va, Northern
**
Va, Southern
*''Northern'' (
U)
**Xiaoheijiang
U (Alva, Auva,
U of Shuangjiang)
**Northeastern
U (P’uman, Avala)
**Northwestern
U
*''Southern'' (?)
**
Man Met
**
Hu
**
Muak Sa-aak
**Angku (?)
*''Dagun'' (?)
Hsiu (2015) suggests that the Angkuic languages originated in the Mekong River valley in the
Sipsongpanna
Xishuangbanna, sometimes shortened to Banna, is one of the eight autonomous prefectures of Yunnan Province. The autonomous prefecture for Dai people is in the extreme south of Yunnan province, China, bordering both Myanmar and Laos. Xishuangbanna ...
area, and subsequently dispersed upstream into western and central Yunnan.
Lexical innovations
Hsiu (2015)
lists the following
lexical innovation
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called semantic augmentation) in order to introduce new terms into a language's lexicon. Most comm ...
s in each Angkuic branch.
Proto-Palaungic
Proto-Palaungic is the reconstructed proto-language of the Palaungic languages of mainland Southeast Asia.Sidwell, Paul. 2015. The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon''. München: Lincom Europa.
Homeland
P ...
reconstructions are from Sidwell (2015).
References and notes
*
Sidwell, Paul. 2009. ''Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art''. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.
*Sidwell, Paul. 2015
The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon. München: Lincom Europa.
Bibliography
''Sources with lexical data of Angkuic languages''
*Chen Guoqing
™ˆå›½åº† 2005. ''A study of Kemie''
…‹è”‘è¯ç ”究 Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House
°‘æ—出版社
*Hall, Elizabeth. 2010.
A Phonology of Muak Sa-aak'. M.A. thesis. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Payap University.
*Li Daoyong
Žé“勇 et al. (eds). 1986. ''A sketch of the Bulang language''
¸ƒæœ—è¯ç®€å¿— Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House
°‘æ—出版社
*Li Jinfang
Žé”¦èŠ³ 2006. ''Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China''
¥¿å—地区濒å±è¯è¨€è°ƒæŸ¥ç ”究 Beijing: Minzu University
¸å¤®æ°‘æ—大å¦å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾
*Luce, Gordon. n.d. ''Field notes''. m.s. Available online at http://sealang.net/archives/luce/
*Luce, Gordon. n.d. ''Comparative lexicon For Austroasiatic list: Wa - Danang Palaung - En - Amok - Möng-Lwe-Hkamuk - Angku - Wa Kut - Son''. m.s.
*Luce, Gordon. n.d. ''Comparative lexicon: P'uman - Wa - La - Vü - Tailoi - Angku - Hkamuk - K'amu - Khmous - Lamet - P'eng (T'eng) - Nañang (Wa-Khmuk-Lemet Group (i))''. m.s.
*Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau
€èŒ‚行署民æ—事务委员会编 1991. ''A study of the Bulang people''
¸ƒæœ—æ—ç ”ç©¶ Kunming: Yunnan People's Press
º‘å—人民出版社
*Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1988. "U." In ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'', 11, no. 1: 64-133.
*Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1991. "Hu - a Language with Unorthodox Tonogenesis." In ''Austroasiatic Languages, Essays in honour of H. L. Shorto'', edited by Jeremy H.C.S. Davidson. 67-80. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
*Wang Xingzhong
Ž‹å…´ä¸& Zhao Weihua
µµå«åŽ 2013. ''Geography and multilingualism in Lincang''
¸´æ²§åœ°ç†ä¸ŽåŒè¯ä½¿ç”¨ Kunming: Yunnan People's Press
º‘å—人民出版社
*Yan Qixiang
¢œå…¶é¦™& Zhou Zhizhi
‘¨æ¤å¿— 2012. ''Mon-Khmer languages of China and the Austroasiatic family''
¸å›½åŸé«˜æ£‰è¯æ—è¯è¨€ä¸Žå—亚è¯ç³» Beijing: Social Sciences Academy Press
Social Sciences Literature Press
Social Sciences Academic Press, abbreviated as SSAP (traditional Chinese: 社會科å¸æ–‡ç»å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾; simplified Chinese: 社会科å¦æ–‡çŒ®å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾), also spelled as Social Sciences Literature Publishing House or China Social Sciences Literatu ...
.
''Gazetteers and other Chinese government sources with lexical data''
*Nanjian County Gazetteer Commission
—涧县志编纂委员会编(ed). 1993. ''Nanjian County Gazetteer''
—涧å½æ—自治县志 Chengdu: Sichuan Reference Press
››å·è¾žä¹¦å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾
*Na Ruzhen
´æ±ç et al. (eds). 1994. ''Zhenkang County Ethnic Gazetteer''
•‡åº·åŽ¿æ°‘æ—å¿— Kunming: Yunnan People's Press
º‘å—æ°‘æ—出版社
*Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau
€èŒ…行暑民æ—事务委员会(ed). 1990. ''A study of the Bulang people''
¸ƒæœ—æ—ç ”ç©¶ m.s.
*Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau
€èŒ…行暑民æ—事务委员会(ed). 1991. ''A study of the Bulang people''
¸ƒæœ—æ—ç ”ç©¶ Kunming: Yunnan People's Press
º‘å—人民出版社
*Xiao Dehua
§å¾·è™Ž et al. (eds). 1992. ''Zhenkang County Gazetteer''
•‡åº·åŽ¿å¿— 1992. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press
››å·æ°‘æ—出版社
*Yunnan Gazetteer Commission
º‘å—çœåœ°æ–¹å¿—编纂委员会(ed). 1998. ''Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer''
º‘å—çœå¿—. å·äº”åä¹, å°‘æ•°æ°‘æ—è¯è¨€æ–‡å—å¿— Kunming: Yunnan People's Press
º‘å—人民出版社
''Geographic information (village locations)''
*Tao Yuming
™¶çŽ‰æ˜Ž 2012. ''The Bulang people of China''
¸å›½å¸ƒæœ—æ— Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press
®å¤äººæ°‘出版社
{{authority control
Languages of Myanmar
Languages of Yunnan
*
Blang people