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Pachyrhamma Waitomoensis Aggregation
''Pachyrhamma'' is a genus of cave wēta (New Zealand cave cricket, ''tokoriro'') in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to New Zealand. All species are nocturnal and most use cave habitats. Taxonomy The genus was first described by Swiss geologist and entomologist Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1888. Cook et al. (2010) found that '' Gymnoplectron'' and '' Turbottoplectron'' are synonymised with ''Pachyrhamma''. They follow W.F. Kirby (1906) and Karny (1937) in treating ''Pachyrhamma'' as a neuter noun. Ecology Members of the genus are detritivorous scavengers that inhabit dark, damp refugia such as hollow logs, overhangs and caves during the day. They become more active at night and venture into the surrounding undergrowth to forage. They consume various organic matter such as plant seeds, fungi, animal droppings, and dead animal tissue. They will cannibalise the remains of other dead weta, and may also attack still-living cave weta while they are vulnerable during ecd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhaphidophoridae
The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae of the suborder Ensifera has a worldwide distribution. Common names for these insects include cave crickets, camel crickets, spider crickets (sometimes shortened to "criders" or "sprickets"), and sand treaders. Those occurring in New Zealand are typically referred to as jumping or cave wētā. Most are found in forest environments or within caves, animal burrows, cellars, under stones, or in wood or similar environments. All species are flightless and nocturnal, usually with long antenna (biology), antennae and legs. More than 500 species of Rhaphidophoridae are described. The well-known Gryllidae, field crickets are from a different superfamily (Grylloidea) and only look vaguely similar, while members of the family Tettigoniidae may look superficially similar in body form. Description Most cave crickets have very large hind legs with "drumstick-shaped" femora and equally long, thin tibiae, and long, slender antennae. The antennae arise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a larger area or b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of island countries, sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The Geography of New Zealand, country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps (), owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. Capital of New Zealand, New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Brunner Von Wattenwyl
Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl (13 June 1823, Bern – 24 August 1914, Kirchdorf) was a geologist and physicist who worked as the first head of telegraphy administration in Switzerland. He was the first to promote transnational cooperation for telegraphic networks. In his spare time he was an entomologist who specialised in the orthopteroid insects (Orthoptera, Phasmida, Blattaria), and was also a botanist. Brunner von Wattenwyl was born in Bern, the son of Karl (1796–1867) and Klara Charlotte (1801-1895). His father was a professor of chemistry at the University of Bern. Carl studied natural sciences in Geneva, Bern and Berlin. He received a doctorate in 1846 and served as a professor of physics at Bern from 1850 to 1855. In 1855 he was appointed director of the telegraph administration and was involved in working on telegraphic networks across Europe. He initiated the first international telegraph conference in 1865 in Paris. In 1872 he was posted to the ministry of commerce. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnoplectron
''Pachyrhamma'' is a genus of cave wēta (New Zealand cave cricket, ''tokoriro'') in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to New Zealand. All species are nocturnal and most use cave habitats. Taxonomy The genus was first described by Swiss geologist and entomologist Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1888. Cook et al. (2010) found that '' Gymnoplectron'' and '' Turbottoplectron'' are synonymised with ''Pachyrhamma''. They follow W.F. Kirby (1906) and Karny (1937) in treating ''Pachyrhamma'' as a neuter noun. Ecology Members of the genus are detritivorous scavengers that inhabit dark, damp refugia such as hollow logs, overhangs and caves during the day. They become more active at night and venture into the surrounding undergrowth to forage. They consume various organic matter such as plant seeds, fungi, animal droppings, and dead animal tissue. They will cannibalise the remains of other dead weta, and may also attack still-living cave weta while they are vulnerable during ecd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Forsell Kirby
William Forsell Kirby (14 January 1844 – 20 November 1912) was an English entomologist and folklorist. He specialized in the study of the stick insects, describing nearly 70 species and 22 genera. His collection filled 120 cabinets and claimed that on reorganization, it would need 500 drawers. The stick insect '' Phobaeticus kirbyi'' described from Borneo and named by Brunner in 1907 after Kirby is one of the largest stick insects in the world. Life and work Kirby was born in Leicester. He was the eldest son of banker Samuel Kirby and Lydia Forsell. He was educated privately, and became interested in butterflies and moths at an early age. The family moved to Brighton, where he became acquainted with Henry Cooke, Frederick Merrifield and J. N. Winter through the Brighton and Sussex entomological society. He published his first entomological article in 1856. He was elected fellow of the Entomological Society of London in 1861. He published the ''Manual of European Butterfli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Hugo Karny
Heinrich Hugo Karny (7 October 1886 – 7 August 1939) was an Austrian physician and entomologist who specialised in Thysanoptera and Orthoptera. He was a friend of Lucien Chopard and they were regular correspondents during Karny’s medical work in the Dutch East Indies. Karny was born in Mödling and died in Kroisbach. Collections Karny’s collection is shared. Parts are in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (South Europe Orthoptera), other parts are in Buitenzorg Zoological Museum (Sumatra insects); National University of Singapore Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (insects from Mentawai Islands –shared with Buitenzorg); Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz (Gryllacridae); Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt (Thysanoptera) and the Naturhistorisches Museum The Natural History Museum Vienna () is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria. The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museums and non-university research institutions in Austria and an im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachyrhamma Waitomoensis Aggregation
''Pachyrhamma'' is a genus of cave wēta (New Zealand cave cricket, ''tokoriro'') in the family Rhaphidophoridae, endemic to New Zealand. All species are nocturnal and most use cave habitats. Taxonomy The genus was first described by Swiss geologist and entomologist Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1888. Cook et al. (2010) found that '' Gymnoplectron'' and '' Turbottoplectron'' are synonymised with ''Pachyrhamma''. They follow W.F. Kirby (1906) and Karny (1937) in treating ''Pachyrhamma'' as a neuter noun. Ecology Members of the genus are detritivorous scavengers that inhabit dark, damp refugia such as hollow logs, overhangs and caves during the day. They become more active at night and venture into the surrounding undergrowth to forage. They consume various organic matter such as plant seeds, fungi, animal droppings, and dead animal tissue. They will cannibalise the remains of other dead weta, and may also attack still-living cave weta while they are vulnerable during ecd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa. Since the cuticle of these animals typically forms a largely inelastic exoskeleton, it is shed during growth and a new, larger covering is formed. The remnants of the old, empty exoskeleton are called exuviae. After moulting, an arthropod is described as ''teneral'', a ''callow''; it is "fresh", pale and soft-bodied. Within one or two hours, the cuticle hardens and darkens following a Tanning (leather), tanning process analogous to the production of leather. During this short phase the animal expands, since growth is otherwise constrained by the rigidity of the exoskeleton. Growth of the limbs and other parts normally covered by the hard exoskeleton is achieved by transfer of body fluids from soft parts before the new skin hardens. A spider with a small abdomen may be undernourished but more probably has recently undergone ecdysis. Some arthropods, especially large insects with tracheal respira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
