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Pachygnatha Bispiralis
''Pachygnatha'' is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers that was first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1823. Species it contains forty-two species and two subspecies: *''Pachygnatha amurensis'' Strand, 1907 – Russia (Far East), China *'' Pachygnatha atromarginata'' Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 – Cameroon *''Pachygnatha autumnalis'' Marx, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba *'' Pachygnatha bispiralis'' Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 – Burundi *'' Pachygnatha bonneti'' Senglet, 1973 – Spain *''Pachygnatha brevis'' Keyserling, 1884 – USA, Canada *''Pachygnatha calusa'' Levi, 1980 – USA *''Pachygnatha clercki'' Sundevall, 1823 (type) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *''Pachygnatha clerckoides'' Wunderlich, 1985 – Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Russia (Europe) *'' Pachygnatha degeeri'' Sundevall, 1830 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China **'' Pachygnatha d. ...
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Carl Jakob Sundevall
Carl Jakob Sundevall (22 October 1801, Högestad – 2 February 1875) was a Swedish zoologist. Sundevall studied at Lund University, where he became a Ph.D. in 1823. After traveling to East Asia, he studied medicine, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in 1830. He was employed at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm from 1833, and was professor and keeper of the vertebrate section from 1839 to 1871. He wrote ''Svenska Foglarna'' (1856–87) which described 238 species of birds observed in Sweden. He classified a number of birds collected in southern Africa by Johan August Wahlberg. In 1835, he developed a phylogeny for the birds based on the muscles of the hip and leg that contributed to later work by Thomas Huxley. He then went on to examine the arrangement of the deep plantar tendons in the bird's foot. This latter information is still used by avian taxonomists. Sundevall was also an entomologist and arachnologist, for which (for the latter field) in 1833 he pub ...
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Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Ge ...
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Pachygnatha Leleupi
''Pachygnatha'' is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers that was first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1823. Species it contains forty-two species and two subspecies: *'' Pachygnatha amurensis'' Strand, 1907 – Russia (Far East), China *'' Pachygnatha atromarginata'' Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 – Cameroon *'' Pachygnatha autumnalis'' Marx, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba *'' Pachygnatha bispiralis'' Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 – Burundi *'' Pachygnatha bonneti'' Senglet, 1973 – Spain *'' Pachygnatha brevis'' Keyserling, 1884 – USA, Canada *'' Pachygnatha calusa'' Levi, 1980 – USA *'' Pachygnatha clercki'' Sundevall, 1823 ( type) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Pachygnatha clerckoides'' Wunderlich, 1985 – Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Russia (Europe) *'' Pachygnatha degeeri'' Sundevall, 1830 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China **'' Pachygnatha d ...
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Pachygnatha Furcillata
''Pachygnatha furcillata'' is a species of long-jawed orb weaver in the spider family Tetragnathidae Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-se .... It is found in the United States. References Tetragnathidae Articles created by Qbugbot Spiders described in 1884 {{tetragnathidae-stub ...
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Pachygnatha Fengzhen
''Pachygnatha'' is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers that was first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1823. Species it contains forty-two species and two subspecies: *'' Pachygnatha amurensis'' Strand, 1907 – Russia (Far East), China *'' Pachygnatha atromarginata'' Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 – Cameroon *'' Pachygnatha autumnalis'' Marx, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba *'' Pachygnatha bispiralis'' Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 – Burundi *'' Pachygnatha bonneti'' Senglet, 1973 – Spain *'' Pachygnatha brevis'' Keyserling, 1884 – USA, Canada *'' Pachygnatha calusa'' Levi, 1980 – USA *'' Pachygnatha clercki'' Sundevall, 1823 ( type) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Pachygnatha clerckoides'' Wunderlich, 1985 – Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Russia (Europe) *'' Pachygnatha degeeri'' Sundevall, 1830 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China **'' Pachygnatha d ...
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Henry Christopher McCook
Henry Christopher McCook (July 3, 1837 – 1911) was an American Presbyterian clergyman, naturalist, and prolific author on religion, history, and nature. He was a member of the celebrated Fighting McCooks, a family of Ohio military officers and volunteers during the American Civil War. Life and work McCook was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, to Dr. John McCook and Julia Sheldon McCook. He learned the printing trade as a youth, then taught school for several years. attended Jefferson College. He was a member of the Franklin Literary Society and founded the chapter of Theta Delta Chi at Jefferson College. After graduation in 1859, he studied theology privately and in the Western Theological Seminary in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. With the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the 41st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a chaplain with the rank of first lieutenant, and helped tend the wounded. As a minister in Clinton, Illinois, St. Louis, and Steubenville, Ohio, McCook ...
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Pachygnatha Dorothea
''Pachygnatha'' is a genus of long-jawed orb-weavers that was first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1823. Species it contains forty-two species and two subspecies: *'' Pachygnatha amurensis'' Strand, 1907 – Russia (Far East), China *'' Pachygnatha atromarginata'' Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 – Cameroon *'' Pachygnatha autumnalis'' Marx, 1884 – USA, Canada, Cuba *'' Pachygnatha bispiralis'' Nzigidahera & Jocqué, 2014 – Burundi *'' Pachygnatha bonneti'' Senglet, 1973 – Spain *'' Pachygnatha brevis'' Keyserling, 1884 – USA, Canada *'' Pachygnatha calusa'' Levi, 1980 – USA *'' Pachygnatha clercki'' Sundevall, 1823 ( type) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *'' Pachygnatha clerckoides'' Wunderlich, 1985 – Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Russia (Europe) *'' Pachygnatha degeeri'' Sundevall, 1830 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China **'' Pachygnatha d ...
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