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Oxazolidinone
The oxazolidones and isoxazolidones are a set of six isomeric five-membered heterocyclic compounds consisting of a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom with a hydrogen atom attached, and two methylene groups. The chemicals differ in the relative position of these groups around the ring, which results in different functional group combinations. 2-Oxazolidinone is the parent compound of several protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics and the Evans chiral auxiliaries for aldol reactions. Cycloserine Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. ... is an antibiotic based on the 3-isoxazolidone parent. See also * Oxazolidine * Isoxazolidine {{Chemistry index Oxazolidinones Isoxazolidinones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxazolidinones
2-Oxazolidinone is a heterocyclic organic compound containing both nitrogen and oxygen in a 5-membered ring. Synthesis and occurrence The compound arises by the reaction of an ethanolamine and dimethylcarbonate or related phosgene equivalents. It is one of waste products generated in amine gas treating due to cyclization of ethanolamine carbamate. History The compound was first reported in 1888 by German chemist Siegmund Gabriel. While investigating reactions of bromoethylamine hydrobromide, he treated it with silver carbonate and isolated a product with melting point around 90–91°C. He determined its empirical formula correctly, but neither gave it a specific name not studied its properties. Nine years later Gabriel returned to the topic together with G. Eschenbach, developing a more efficient synthesis using sodium bicarbonate instead of the silver salt. They referred to the compound as "Oxäthylcarbaminsäureanhydrid" (hydroxyethylcarbamic acid anhydride), recognizing it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiral Auxiliaries
In stereochemistry, a chiral auxiliary is a stereogenic group or unit that is temporarily incorporated into an organic compound in order to control the stereochemical outcome of the synthesis. The chirality present in the auxiliary can bias the stereoselectivity of one or more subsequent reactions. The auxiliary can then be typically recovered for future use. Most biological molecules and pharmaceutical targets exist as one of two possible enantiomers; consequently, chemical syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutical agents are frequently designed to obtain the target in enantiomerically pure form. Chiral auxiliaries are one of many strategies available to synthetic chemists to selectively produce the desired stereoisomer of a given compound. Chiral auxiliaries were introduced by Elias James Corey in 1975 with chiral 8-phenylmenthol and by Barry Trost in 1980 with chiral mandelic acid. The menthol compound is difficult to prepare and as an alternative trans-2-phenyl-1-cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldol Reaction
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a Chemical reaction, reaction in organic chemistry that combines two Carbonyl group, carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an Enolate, enolized ketone to another: These products are known as ''aldols'', from the ''ald''ehyde + alcoh''ol'', a structural motif seen in many of the products. The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them. The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry. It lends its name to the family of aldol reactions and similar techniques analyze a whole family of carbonyl α-substitution reactions, as well as the Claisen condensation, diketone condensations. Scope Aldol structural units are found in many importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
A protein synthesis inhibitor is a compound that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins. While a broad interpretation of this definition could be used to describe nearly any compound depending on concentration, in practice, it usually refers to compounds that act at the molecular level on translational machinery (either the ribosome itself or the translation factor), taking advantages of the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosome structures. Mechanism In general, protein synthesis inhibitors work at different stages of bacterial translation, bacterial mRNA translation into proteins, like initiation, elongation (including aminoacyl tRNA entry, Proofreading (biology), proofreading, peptidyl transfer, and bacterial translation#Elongation, bacterial translocation) and termination: Earlier stages * Rifamycin inhibits Bacterial transcription, bacterial DNA transcription ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxazolidine
Oxazolidine is a five-membered heterocycle ringwith the formula .The O atom and NH groups are not mutually bonded, in contrast to isoxazolidine. Oxazolidines (emphasis on plural) are derivatives of the parent oxazolidine owing to the presence of substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen. Oxazolines are unsaturated analogues of oxazolidines. Synthesis and reactions First synthesized in the 1800s, oxazolidines are traditionally prepared by condensation of 2- aminoalcohols with aldehydes and ketones. The ready availability of chiral amino alcohols by reduction of amino acids enables the synthesis of chiral oxazolidines. Oxazolidines are prone to hydrolysis, the reverse of their syntheses. Perhaps for this reason, their basicity is rarely discussed. Uses and occurrence Several oxazolidine derivatives occur naturally, Some occur as post translational modifications of proteins. Others are components of alkaloids, a few of which are highly active against some tumors. Examples include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parent Compound
In chemistry, a parent structure is the structure of an unadorned ion or molecule from which derivatives can be visualized. Parent structures underpin systematic nomenclature and facilitate classification. Fundamental parent structures have one or no functional groups and often have various types of symmetry. Benzene () is a chemical itself consisting of a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom attached to each, and is the parent of many derivatives that have substituent atoms or groups replacing one or more of the hydrogens. Some parents are rare or nonexistent themselves, as in the case of porphine, though many simple and complex derivatives are known. File:Benzene circle.png, Benzene is the parent. File:Toluene-vec.svg, Toluene is a derivative of benzene. File:Porphyrin.svg, Porphine is the parent of porphyrins. File:PPIXtransH.png, Protoporphyrin IX is a natural derivative of the parent porphine. File:H2octaethylporphyrin.png, Octaethylporphyrin is a syntheti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoxazolidine
Isoxazolidine is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(NH)O. It is the parent of a family of compounds called Isoxazolidines, which are saturated C3NO heterocyclic rings where the nitrogen and oxygen occupy adjacent positions (1 and 2). They are the saturated analogues of Isoxazoles, and they are isomeric with oxazolidines, where the N and O are separated by one carbon. Isoxazolidines can be produced by the nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition reaction. : They represent precursors to 1,3-aminoalcohols. The series Organic Syntheses provides detailed procedures that yield isoxazolidines, e.g., from styrene and N-phenylmaleimide Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram). This unsaturated imide is an important building block in organic synthesis. The name is a contraction of maleic acid and imide, the -C(O)NHC(O)- functional group. Malei .... Some isoxazolidines are of medicinal interest.{{Cite journal , doi = 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b0054 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycloserine
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by mouth. Common side effects include allergic reactions, seizures, sleepiness, unsteadiness, and numbness. It is not recommended in people who have kidney failure, epilepsy, depression, or are alcoholics. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Cycloserine is similar in structure to the amino acid D-alanine and works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall. Cycloserine was discovered in 1954 from a type of '' Streptomyces''. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Tuberculosis For the treatment of tuberculosis, cycloserine is classified as a second-line drug. Its use is only considered if one or more first-line drugs cannot be used. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Isomer
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is a compound that contains the same number and type of atoms, but with a different connectivity (i.e. arrangement of bonds) between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept. For example, butanol , methyl propyl ether , and diethyl ether have the same molecular formula but are three distinct structural isomers. The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same total charge. A classical example is the cyanate ion and the fulminate ion . It is also extended to ionic compounds, so that (for example) ammonium cyanate and urea are considered structural isomers,William F. Bynum, E. Janet Browne, Roy Porter (2014)''Dictionary of the History of Science'' page 218. and so are methylammonium formate and ammonium acetate . Structural isomerism is the most radical type of isomerism. It is opposed to stereoisomerism, in which the atoms and bonding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterocyclic Compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles. Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes. More than half of known compounds are heterocycles. 59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles. Classification The study of organic heterocyclic chemistry focuses especially on organic unsaturated derivatives, and the preponderance of work and applications involves unstrained organic 5- and 6-membered rings. Included are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan. Another large class of organic heterocycles refers to those fused to benzene rings. For example, the fused benzene derivatives of py ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
