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Othman III Kalinumuwa
Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa was the son of Dawud and an unknown mother. He succeeded his cousin Bir III Othman as ''mai'' in 1422. In 1423, Othman Kalinumuwa was overthrown after a short reign by a party led by the ''kaigama'' (chief general) Nikale bin Ibrahim and the ''yerima'' (another high official) Kade. Othman fled the country and sought refuge among the Hausa states, probably the Sultanate of Kano The Sultanate of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Nigeria that dates back to 1349, when the king of Kano, Ali Yaji (1349–1385), dissolved the cult of Tsumbubra and proclaimed Kano a sultanate. Before 1000 AD, Kano had been ..., where he later died (or was killed). He was replaced as ''mai'' with Dunama IV, his first cousin once removed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bir III Othman
Bir III Othman (Biri, Biri ʿUthmān, or ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1390–1422, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir Othman was a son of Idris I and an unknown mother. He succeeded his brother Kade II Afunu as ''mai'' in 1390. Bir Othman ruled for several decades, an unusually long reign for the period, but his reign does not appear to have been peaceful. The only known event from his time was a civil war between Bir Othman and his ''kaigama'' (chief general) Muhammad ben Diltu. Bir Othman was succeeded as ''mai'' by his cousin Othman III Kalinumuwa Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa ... in 1422. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bir 03 Othman Rulers of the Bornu Empire 14th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama IV
Dunama IV (Dunama bin ʿUmar) was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1423–1425, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Dunama was a son of Omar I. Dunama became ''mai'' in 1423, succeeding Othman III Kalinumuwa Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa ..., his first cousin once removed, who had been overthrown by the ''kaigama'' (chief general) Nikale bin Ibrahim and the ''yerima'' (another high official) Kade. Dunama was murdered after a short reign and was succeeded as ''mai'' by his brother Abdullah III Dakumuni. Notes References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunama 04 Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawud Of Kanem
Dawud (Dāwūd bin Ibrāhīm Nikale), sometimes called Dawud Nikalemi, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1353–1363. Life Dawud was the son of Ibrahim I Nikale and Fatima. He succeeded his half-brother Idris I as ''mai'' in 1353. Dawud became ''mai'' over the many sons of Idris.'''' Dawud's reign saw the beginning of a destructive conflict with the Bilala people, who had established a powerful principality around Lake Fitri Lake Fitri is a shallow freshwater lake in central Chad, located in the Sahel region about 300 km east of N’Djamena. It has been designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. Geography The normal size of t .... The rulers of the Bilala claimed some relation to the Sayfawa dynasty, and were perhaps descendants of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Dawud's power was weakened in a civil war with the sons of Idris I, which later enabled the Bilala to defeat his army and for the first time temporarily capture the Kan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hausa Kingdoms
Hausa Kingdoms, also known as Hausa Kingdom or Hausaland, was a collection of states ruled by the Hausa people, before the Fulani jihads. It was situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria). Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic kingdoms of Ancient Ghana, Mali and Songhai and the Eastern Sudanic kingdoms of Kanem-Bornu. Hausaland took shape as a political and cultural region during the first millennium CE as a result of the westward expansion of Hausa peoples. They arrived in Hausaland when the terrain was converting from woodlands to savannah. They started cultivating grains, which led to a denser peasant population. They had a common language, laws and customs. The Hausa were known for fishing, hunting, agriculture, salt-mining, and blacksmithing. By the 14th century, Katsina had become the most powerful city-state. Katsina was the base for the trans-Saharan trade in salt, cloth, leather, and grain. The Hausa oral history is reflecte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Kano
The Sultanate of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Nigeria that dates back to 1349, when the king of Kano, Ali Yaji (1349–1385), dissolved the cult of Tsumbubra and proclaimed Kano a sultanate. Before 1000 AD, Kano had been ruled as an Animist Hausa Kingdom, the Kingdom of Kano. The sultanate lasted until the Fulani Jihad in 1805 and the assassination of the last sultan of Kano in 1807. The sultanate was then replaced by the Kano Emirate, subject to the Sokoto Caliphate. The capital is now the modern city of Kano in Kano State. History Rise of the Sultanate Ali Yaji (1349–85) accepted Islam from the Wangarawa people, a Soninke sub-tribe from Mali. He then relinquished the Cult of Tsumbubura, the principal cult of the patron goddess of Kano. According to the Kano Chronicle, in around 1350, the Cult of Tsumbubura, which was based in Santolo Hill, rebelled against Yaji. A civil war ensued, culminating in the Battle of Santolo. After his victory, Ali Yaj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Bornu Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
