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Bir III Othman
Bir III Othman (Biri, Biri ʿUthmān, or ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1390–1422, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir Othman was a son of Idris I and an unknown mother. He succeeded his brother Kade II Afunu as ''mai'' in 1390. Bir Othman ruled for several decades, an unusually long reign for the period, but his reign does not appear to have been peaceful. The only known event from his time was a civil war between Bir Othman and his ''kaigama'' (chief general) Muhammad ben Diltu. Bir Othman was succeeded as ''mai'' by his cousin Othman III Kalinumuwa Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa ... in 1422. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bir 03 Othman Rulers of the Bornu Empire 14th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kade II Afunu
Kade II Afunu (Kade Afunu bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1389–1390, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Kade Afunu was a son of Idris I and an unknown mother. He succeeded his brother Muhammad II as ''mai'' in 1389. The surname Afunu (sometimes rendered A'fno or A'funu) may mean that Kade Afunu's mother was of Hausa (A'fno) origin. The late 14th century, during which Kade Afunu ruled, was a period of acute political instability in Bornu, marked by internal conflict between members of the imperial family as well as external conflict, primarily with the Bilala people The Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri who are of Maguemi (also known as Maguia) origin and the Bulala of Nguedjem fraction shares the same ancestor with the Toubou (Goran) of Kara (also known by the Arabic pronunciation, Kre ... in the east. Kade Afunu resumed the offensive against the Bilala but was killed in batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Othman III Kalinumuwa
Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa was the son of Dawud and an unknown mother. He succeeded his cousin Bir III Othman as ''mai'' in 1422. In 1423, Othman Kalinumuwa was overthrown after a short reign by a party led by the ''kaigama'' (chief general) Nikale bin Ibrahim and the ''yerima'' (another high official) Kade. Othman fled the country and sought refuge among the Hausa states, probably the Sultanate of Kano The Sultanate of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Nigeria that dates back to 1349, when the king of Kano, Ali Yaji (1349–1385), dissolved the cult of Tsumbubra and proclaimed Kano a sultanate. Before 1000 AD, Kano had been ..., where he later died (or was killed). He was replaced as ''mai'' with Dunama IV, his first cousin once removed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama V Ahmad
Dunama V Ahmad (Aḥmad Dunama bin Biri) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1445–1449, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Dunama Ahmad was a son of Bir III Othman Bir III Othman (Biri, Biri ʿUthmān, or ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1390–1422, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir Othman was a son of Idris I and ... (r. 1390–1422). Dunama Ahmad is first recorded as a rival of ''mai'' Kade III, whom he defeated and killed in 1444. Kade was succeeded as ''mai'' by Bir IV, who ruled only until 1445, when Dunama Ahmad became ''mai''. Dunama Ahmad ruled until 1449, when he was succeeded as ''mai'' by Muhammad III. Dunama and his consort Zainab had at least one son, Ali I Gaji. Notes References {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunama 05 Ahmad Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-century monarchs in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idris I Of Kanem
Idris I (Idrīs bin Ibrāhīm Nikale), also known as Hajj-Idris (al-Ḥājj Idrīs), was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1329–1353. Life Idris was the son of Ibrahim I Nikale and Hafsa. He succeeded his second cousin Muhammad I as ''mai'' in 1329, after Muhammad's death in battle against the Sao. The Sao lived south of Lake Chad and had risen up in the reign of Selema (r. 1322–1326). The wars against the Sao had in quick succession claimed the lives of four ''mai''s prior to Idris's accession: Selema, Kuri I Gana, Kuri II Kura, and Muhammad I. It is unknown if Idris was more successful against the Sao than his predecessors and little is known of his reign overall. Idris at one point made a pilgrimage to Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Bornu Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Monarchs In Africa
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conqueror. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
