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Oritavancin
Oritavancin, sold under the brand name Orbactiv (by Melinta Therapeutics) among others, is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic medication for the treatment of serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. Its chemical structure as a lipoglycopeptide is similar to vancomycin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved oritavancin for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Medical uses Oritavancin is considered a long-lasting antibiotic due to its extended half-life (up to ), high protein binding capacity, and ability to penetrate tissues effectively. It binds strongly to plasma proteins (around 85%), resulting in prolonged release into surrounding tissues. Furthermore, oritavancin exhibits excellent tissue penetration and distribution throughout various sites, including skin structures, synovial fluid (found in joints), bone tissue, and macrophages. Less frequent dosing requirements still k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Targanta Therapeutics Corporation
Targanta Therapeutics Corporation was a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company also had operations in Indianapolis, Montreal and Toronto. Targanta completed its initial public offering on October 9, 2007 and traded on the Nasdaq market under the symbol: TARG. Targanta was acquired by The Medicines Company in 2009. Development Programs Targanta’s lead product candidate was oritavancin; a novel, semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotic being developed to treat serious Gram-positive infections in the hospital and other institutional settings. Oritavancin was originally discovered and developed by Eli Lilly; Targanta acquired worldwide rights to oritavancin from InterMune in late 2005. Data presented at the 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in September 2007 demonstrated that oritavancin possesses potent and rapid bactericidal activity ''in vitro'' against a broad spectrum of both resistant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipoglycopeptide
Lipoglycopeptides are a class of antibiotic that have lipophilic side-chains linked to glycopeptides. The class includes oritavancin, telavancin and dalbavancin. In September 2009 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved telavancin (Vibativ) for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) On May 23, 2014, the FDA approved dalbavancin (Dalvance), an injectable drug, administered intravenously in two doses one week apart. On August 6, 2014, the FDA approved oritavancin (Orbactiv), an injectable drug administered as a single dose to comprise a full course of therapy. Telavancin is the most potent of the three against ''Clostridium spp.'' Approvals and clinical trials Telavancin (once daily injection) has completed 4 phase III trials. and gained US FDA approval in September 2009 for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Oritavancin (once daily injection) has completed phase II and phase III trials. Oritavancin was approved by the FDA on Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycopeptide Antibiotic
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides. Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin. Vancomycin is used if infection with methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA) is suspected. Mechanism and classification Some members of this class of drugs inhibit the synthesis of cell walls in susceptible microbes by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. The core class (including vancomycin) binds to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine in lipid II, preventing the addition of new units to the peptidoglycan. Of this core class, one may distinguish multiple generations: the first generation includes vancomycin and teicoplanin, while the semisynthetic second generation includes lipoglycopeptides like telavancin, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CYP3A4 Inducers
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) () is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by ''CYP3A4'' gene. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules (xenobiotics), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the body. It is highly homologous to CYP3A5, another important CYP3A enzyme. While many drugs are deactivated by CYP3A4, there are also some drugs that are ''activated'' by the enzyme. Some substances, such as some drugs and furanocoumarins present in grapefruit juice, interfere with the action of CYP3A4. These substances will, therefore, either amplify or weaken the action of those drugs that are modified by CYP3A4. CYP3A4 is a member of the cytochrome P450 family of oxidizing enzymes. Several other members of this family are also involved in drug metabolism, but CYP3A4 is the most common and the most versatile one. Like all members of this family, it is a hemoprotein, i.e. a protein cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biphenyl
Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl. It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents. Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings. Properties and occurrence Biphenyl is a solid at room temperature, wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acute Bacterial Skin And Skin-structure Infection
{{disambiguation ...
Acute may refer to: Language * Acute accent, a diacritic used in many modern written languages * Acute (phonetic), a perceptual classification Science and mathematics * Acute angle ** Acute triangle ** Acute, a leaf shape in the glossary of leaf morphology * Acute (medicine), a disease that it is of short duration and of recent onset. ** Acute toxicity, the adverse effects of a substance from a single exposure or in a short period of time See also * Acutance, in photography, subjective perception of sharpness related to the edge contrast of an image * Acuity (other) Acuity may refer to: Biology and medicine *Visual acuity, the behavioral ability to resolve fine image detail *Tactile acuity, resolving fine spatial details with the sense of touch * Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clostridioides Difficile (bacteria)
''Clostridioides'' is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes ''Clostridioides difficile (bacteria), Clostridioides difficile'', a human pathogen causing an infectious diarrhea. Taxonomy The genus ''Clostridioides'' was created to describe a few species formerly in the genus ''Clostridium'' which have been shown to be their own genetically distinct genus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. However, both names are still in use and valid under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Since ''Metaclostridioides mangenotii, C. mangenotii'' was further separated into a distinct genus in 2024, ''Clostridioides'' is a monotypic genus. Description They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. The normal, reproducing cells of ''Clostridioides'', called the vegetative form, are Bacillus (shape), rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek (language), Greek κλωστήρ or spindle. ''Clostridioides'' endospores, like ''Clostridium'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clostridium Perfringens
''Clostridium perfringens'' (formerly known as ''C. welchii'', or ''Bacillus welchii'') is a Gram-positive, bacillus (rod-shaped), anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus '' Clostridium''. ''C. perfringens'' is ever-present in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment, the intestinal tract of humans and other vertebrates, insects, and soil. It has the shortest reported generation time of any organism at 6.3 minutes in thioglycolate medium. ''Clostridium perfringens'' is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the United States, alongside norovirus, ''Salmonella'', '' Campylobacter'', and ''Staphylococcus aureus''. However, it can sometimes be ingested and cause no harm. Infections induced by ''C. perfringens'' are associated with tissue necrosis, bacteremia, emphysematous cholecystitis, and gas gangrene, which is also known as clostridial myonecrosis. The specific name, ''perfringens,'' is derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peptostreptococcus
''Peptostreptococcus'' is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. They typically move using cilia. ''Peptostreptococcus'' are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs. ''Peptostreptococcus'' is a normal inhabitant of the healthy lower reproductive tract of women. Pathogenesis ''Peptostreptococcus'' species are commensal organisms in humans, living predominantly in the mouth, skin, gastrointestinal, vagina and urinary tracts, and are members of the gut microbiota. Under immunosuppressed or traumatic conditions these organisms can become pathogenic, as well as septicemic, harming their host. ''Peptostreptococcus'' can cause brain, liver, breast, and lung abscesses, as well as generalized necrotizing soft tissue infections. They participate in mixed anaerobic infections, a term which is used to describe infections that are caused by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propionibacterium
''Propionibacterium'' is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes. Its members are primarily facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals, living in and around the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and other areas of the skin. They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people, but propionibacteria have been implicated in acne and other skin conditions. One study found the ''Propionibacterium'' was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms. In ruminants, propionibacteria reduce nitrate to nontoxic nitrogen compounds. Members of the genus ''Propionibacterium'' are widely used in the production of vitamin B12, tetrapyrrole compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the probiotics and cheese industries. The strain ''Propionibacterium freudenreichii'' subsp. ''shermanii'' is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of ''Staphylococcus aureus''. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. MRSA is any strain of ''S. aureus'' that has developed (through mutation) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics are a broad-spectrum group that include some penams (penicillin derivatives such as methicillin and oxacillin) and cephems such as the cephalosporins. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-susceptible ''S. aureus'', or MSSA. MRSA infection is common in hospitals, prisons, and nursing homes, where people with open wounds, invasive devices such as catheters, and weakened immune systems are at greate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalexin
Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. It kills gram-positive bacteria, gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, β-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. It works similarly to other agents within this class, including intravenous cefazolin, but can be taken Oral administration, by mouth. Cefalexin can treat certain bacterial infections, including those of the otitis media, middle ear, bone infection, bone and joint infection, joint, Skin infection#Bacterial, skin, and urinary tract infection, urinary tract. It may also be used for certain types of pneumonia and streptococcal pharyngitis, strep throat and to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Cefalexin is not effective against infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
