|
Ori (genetics)
The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. Propagation of the genetic material between generations requires timely and accurate duplication of DNA by semiconservative replication prior to cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives the full complement of chromosomes. Material was copied from this source, which is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses. Synthesis of daughter strands starts at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. Despite the fundamental nature of these events, organisms have evolved surprisingly divergent strategies that control replication onset. Although the specific replication o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Origins Of DNA Replication Figure 1
Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * Origin (comics), ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * The Origin (Buffy comic), ''The Origin'' (Buffy comic), a 1999 ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' comic book series * Origins (Judge Dredd story), Origins (''Judge Dredd'' story), a major ''Judge Dredd'' storyline running from 2006 through 2007 * Origin (manga), ''Origin'' (manga), a 2016 manga by Boichi * ''Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin'', a 2002 manga by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko * ''Wolverine: Origins'', a Marvel Comics series * ''Atharva – The Origin'', a 2022 Indian superhero comic Films * Origin (film), ''Origin'' (film), a 2023 film written and directed by Ava DuVernay * ''Origin: Spirits of the Past'', a 2006 anime movie also known as ''Gin-iro no Kami no Agito'' * ''X-Men Origins: Wolverine'', a 2009 superhero film, prequel to the ''X-Men'' film trilogy * Out of Darkness (2022 film), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.''The Science Times Book of the Brain'' 1998. Edited by Nicholas Wade. The Lyons Press Horace Freeland Judson ''The Eighth Day of Creation'' (1979), pp. 10–11 ''Makers of the Revolution in Biology''; Penguin Books 1995, first published by Jonathan Cape, 1977; ."Sydney Brenner: A Biography" by Errol Friedberg, pub. CSHL Press October 2010, . Education and early li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Origins Of DNA Replication Figure 3
Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * ''The Origin'' (Buffy comic), a 1999 ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' comic book series * Origins (''Judge Dredd'' story), a major ''Judge Dredd'' storyline running from 2006 through 2007 * ''Origin'' (manga), a 2016 manga by Boichi * '' Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin'', a 2002 manga by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko * '' Wolverine: Origins'', a Marvel Comics series * '' Atharva – The Origin'', a 2022 Indian superhero comic Films * ''Origin'' (film), a 2023 film written and directed by Ava DuVernay * '' Origin: Spirits of the Past'', a 2006 anime movie also known as ''Gin-iro no Kami no Agito'' * '' X-Men Origins: Wolverine'', a 2009 superhero film, prequel to the ''X-Men'' film trilogy * ''Out of Darkness'' (2022 film), originally titled ''The Origin'', a British horror film directed by Andrew Cumming Tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism. Overview For transcription to take place, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene. Promoters contain specific DNA sequences such as response elements that provide a secure initial binding site for RNA polymerase and for proteins called transcription factors that recruit RNA polymerase. These transcription factor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adenosine Triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cell (biology), cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" for intracellular energy transfer. When consumed in a Metabolism, metabolic process, ATP converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP. It is also a Precursor (chemistry), precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a coenzyme. An average adult human processes around 50 kilograms (about 100 mole (unit), moles) daily. From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the Polyphosphate, triphosphate. Structure ATP consists of three parts: a sugar, an amine base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AAA Proteins
AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (speak: triple-A ATPases) are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved module of approximately 230 amino acid residues. This is a large, functionally diverse protein family belonging to the AAA+ protein superfamily of ring-shaped P-loop NTPases, which exert their activity through the energy-dependent remodeling or translocation of macromolecules. AAA proteins couple chemical energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to conformational changes which are transduced into mechanical force exerted on a macromolecular substrate. AAA proteins are functionally and organizationally diverse, and vary in activity, stability, and mechanism. Members of the AAA family are found in all organisms and they are essential for many cellular functions. They are involved in processes such as DNA replication, protein degradation, membrane fusion, microtubule severing, peroxisome biogenesis, signal transduction and the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ATPase
ATPases (, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, ATP hydrolase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion or the inverse reaction. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur. This process is widely used in all known forms of life. Some such enzymes are integral membrane proteins (anchored within biological membranes), and move solutes across the membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. These are called transmembrane ATPases. Functions Transmembrane ATPases import metabolites necessary for cell metabolism and export toxins, wastes, and solutes that can hinder cellular processes. An important example is the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ATPase) that maintains the cell membrane potential. Another example is the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helix-turn-helix
Helix-turn-helix is a DNA-binding domain (DBD). The helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA. Each monomer incorporates two alpha helix, α helices, joined by a short strand of amino acids, that bind to the major groove of DNA. The HTH motif occurs in many proteins that regulate gene expression. It should not be confused with the helix–loop–helix motif. Discovery The discovery of the helix-turn-helix motif was based on similarities between several genes encoding Transcription (genetics), transcription regulatory proteins from bacteriophage lambda and ''Escherichia coli'': Cro, Catabolite activator protein, CAP, and cI protein, λ repressor, which were found to share a common 20–25 amino acid sequence that facilitates DNA recognition. Function The helix-turn-helix motif is a DNA-binding motif. The recognition and binding to DNA by helix-turn-helix proteins is done by the two α helices, one occupying the N-terminus, N-terminal end of the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Unwinding Element
A DNA unwinding element (DUE or DNAUE) is the initiation site for the opening of the double helix structure of the DNA at the origin of replication for DNA synthesis. It is A-T rich and denatures easily due to its low helical stability, which allows the single-strand region to be recognized by origin recognition complex. DUEs are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but were first discovered in yeast and bacteria origins, by Huang Kowalski. The DNA unwinding allows for access of replication machinery to the newly single strands. In eukaryotes, DUEs are the binding site for DNA-unwinding element binding (DUE-B) proteins required for replication initiation. In prokaryotes, DUEs are found in the form of tandem consensus sequences flanking the 5' end of DnaA binding domain. The act of unwinding at these A-T rich elements occurs even in absence of any origin binding proteins due to negative supercoiling forces, making it an energetically favourable action. DUEs are typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Origins Of DNA Replication Figure 2
Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * ''The Origin'' (Buffy comic), a 1999 ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' comic book series * Origins (''Judge Dredd'' story), a major ''Judge Dredd'' storyline running from 2006 through 2007 * ''Origin'' (manga), a 2016 manga by Boichi * '' Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin'', a 2002 manga by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko * '' Wolverine: Origins'', a Marvel Comics series * '' Atharva – The Origin'', a 2022 Indian superhero comic Films * ''Origin'' (film), a 2023 film written and directed by Ava DuVernay * '' Origin: Spirits of the Past'', a 2006 anime movie also known as ''Gin-iro no Kami no Agito'' * '' X-Men Origins: Wolverine'', a 2009 superhero film, prequel to the ''X-Men'' film trilogy * ''Out of Darkness'' (2022 film), originally titled ''The Origin'', a British horror film directed by Andrew Cumming Tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oric
Oric may refer to: * Oric (computer), a series of home computers made in the UK in the 1980s * Oric Products International, the parent company that made the Oric computer * oriC, the origin of chromosomal replication in bacteria * ORIC, the Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations, an Australian Government office * Oric Bates (1883–1918), American archaeologist and author * Orič, a village in Croatia * Naser Orić (born 1967), Bosnian military officer See also * * Orick {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryote, eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division, preventing DNA repair#DNA damage, DNA damage, and regulating gene expression and DNA replication. During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin facilitates proper segregation of the chromosomes in anaphase; the characteristic shapes of chromosomes visible during this stage are the result of DNA being coiled into highly condensed chromatin. The primary protein components of chromatin are histones. An octamer of two sets of four histone cores (Histone H2A, Histone H2B, Histone H3, and Histone H4) bind to DNA and function as "anchors" around which the strands are wound.Maeshima, K., Ide, S., & Babokhov, M. (2019). Dynamic chromatin organization without the 30 nm fiber. ''Current opinion in cell biolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
