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Organon International
Organon & Co. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey. Organon specializes in the following core therapeutic fields: reproductive medicine, contraception, psychiatry, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and anesthesia. Organon produces all its products outside of the United States but gets a third of its revenue from the United States. History Organon was founded in 1923 as a partnership between the physiologist/endocrinologist of the University of Amsterdam Prof Ernst Laqueur and Saal van Zwanenberg (1889-1974) who owned an abattoir/slaughterhouse, Zwanenbergs Slachterijen en Fabrieken, in Oss in Northern Brabant. The company's first product was insulin in 1923. In the thirties it manufactured estrogens, in particular estrone under the trade name Menformon. In 1948, Organon acquired the Newhouse research site in Scotland, United Kingdom. The production of cortisone was initiated in 1953. In 1962, it bought the stock of the Nederlandsche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Company
A public company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of share capital, stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter (finance), over-the-counter markets. A public (publicly traded) company can be listed on a stock exchange (listing (finance), listed company), which facilitates the trade of shares, or not (unlisted public company). In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange. In most cases, public companies are ''private'' enterprises in the ''private'' sector, and "public" emphasizes their reporting and trading on the public markets. Public companies are formed within the legal systems of particular states and so have associations and formal designations, which are distinct and separate in the polity in which they reside. In the United States, for example, a public company is usually a type of corporation, though a corporation need not be a public company. In the United Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek
The Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek (; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. History In 1875, the first coca plants were transferred from Brazil to the colonial botanical garden " 's Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg" in Java.van der Hoogte (2013). Shortly after, commercial production started in Java, Madura and Sumatra. Coca leaves were exported, mainly to Germany, through the Koloniale Bank in Amsterdam. This trader of agricultural produce moved between 34 and 81 tons of leaves annually from 1892 to 1900. Because of growing demand and a steady supply the Koloniale Bank decided to start production of cocaine in Amsterdam and it founded the Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Org 21465
ORG-21465 is a synthetic neuroactive steroid, with sedative effects resulting from its action as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. It is similar to related drugs such as ORG-20599, and was similarly developed as an improved alternative to other sedative steroids such as althesin and allopregnanolone, which despite its superior properties in some respects has not proved to offer enough advantages to be accepted into clinical use. Chemistry See also * ORG-25435 ORG-25435 is a synthetic drug developed by Organon International, which acts as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, and produces sedative effects. It has been researched for use as an intravenous anesthetic agent, with positive resul ... References Neurosteroids Anticonvulsants Hypnotics Morpholines GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Pregnanes Sulfonates {{Sedative-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Org 20599
ORG-20599 is a synthetic neuroactive steroid, with sedative effects resulting from its action as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and, at higher concentrations, agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R .... It was developed for use as an anaesthetic agent but was never marketed for this purpose, although it is still used in scientific research.Weir CJ, Ling AT, Belelli D, Wildsmith JA, Peters JA, Lambert JJ. The interaction of anaesthetic steroids with recombinant glycine and GABAA receptors. ''British Journal of Anaesthesia''. 2004 May;92(5):704-11. Chemistry References 5β-Pregnanes Neurosteroids Anticonvulsants Hypnotics 4-Morpholinyl compounds Organochlorides Secondary alcohols Ketones GABAA receptor agonists GABAA receptor posit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Org 12962
ORG-12962 is a pyridinylpiperazine drug developed by Organon, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the 5-HT2 receptor family, with highest affinity at 5-HT2C and lowest at 5-HT2B subtypes. It was developed as a potential anti-anxiety drug, but was discontinued from human trials after tests in a public speaking challenge showed that its anti-anxiety effects were accompanied by side effects such as dizziness and a "spacey" feeling, which were attributed to poor selectivity ''in vivo'' over the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor. See also * 2C-B-PP * 2,3-Dichlorophenylpiperazine * 3-Chloro-4-fluorophenylpiperazine * CPD-1 * ORG-37684 * Quipazine Quipazine, also known as 1-(2-quinolinyl)piperazine (2-QP), is a serotonin, serotonergic drug of the arylpiperazine family and an structural analog, analogue of 1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine which is used in scientific research. It was first describ ... References Chloropyridines 1-Piperazinyl compounds Psychedelic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humira
Adalimumab, sold under the brand name Humira and others, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and uveitis. It is administered by subcutaneous injection (injection under the skin). It works by inactivating tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNFα). Common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, pain at the site of injection, rash, and headache. Other side effects may include serious infections, cancer, anaphylaxis, reactivation of hepatitis B, new onset or exacerbation of demyelinating diseases (such as multiple sclerosis), heart failure, liver failure, and aplastic anemia. Use during pregnancy is not recommended, but some sources show use during breastfeeding may be safe. Adalimumab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2002. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biosimilars
A biosimilar (also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic) is a biologic medical product that is almost an identical copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company. Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original "innovator" products and can be manufactured when the original product's patent expires. Reference to the innovator product is an integral component of the approval. Unlike with generic drugs of the more common small-molecule type, biosimilar drugs generally exhibit high molecular complexity and may be quite sensitive to changes in manufacturing processes. Despite this heterogeneity, all biopharmaceuticals, including biosimilars, must maintain consistent quality and clinical performance throughout their lifecycle. Drug-related authorities such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of the European Union, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada hold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Health
Women's health is an example of population health, where health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Often treated as simply women's reproductive health, many groups argue for a broader definition pertaining to the overall health of women, better expressed as "The health of women". These differences are further exacerbated in developing countries where women, whose health includes both their risks and experiences, are further disadvantaged. While the rates of the leading causes of death, cardiovascular disease, cancer and lung disease, are similar in women and men, women have different experiences. Lung cancer has overtaken all other types of cancer as the leading cause of cancer related death in women, followed by breast cancer, colorectal, ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers. While smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, amongst nonsmoking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehydrogenase
A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN. Like all catalysts, they catalyze reverse as well as forward reactions, and in some cases this has physiological significance: for example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in animals, but in yeast it catalyzes the production of ethanol from acetaldehyde. IUBMB classification Oxidoreductases, enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, constitute Class EC 1 of the IUBMB classification of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Any of these may be called dehydrogenases, especially those in which NAD+ is the electron acceptor (oxidant), but reductase is also used when the physiological emphasis on reduction of the substrate, and oxidase is used ''only'' when O2 is the electron acceptor. The systematic name of an oxidoreductase is "donor:acceptor oxidore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17β-hydroxysteroid
A hydroxysteroid is a molecule derived from a steroid with a hydrogen replaced with a hydroxy group. When the hydroxy group is specifically at the C3 position, hydroxysteroids are referred to as sterols, with an example being cholesterol. See also * Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase * Ketosteroid class=skin-invert-image, 150px, Androstenedione class=skin-invert-image, 150px, Androsterone class=skin-invert-image, 150px, Estrone A ketosteroid, or an oxosteroid, is a steroid in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a ketone (C=O) g ... External links * Alcohols Steroids {{steroid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey
New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeast megalopolis, it is bordered to the northwest, north, and northeast by New York (state), New York State; on its east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on its west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on its southwest by Delaware Bay and Delaware. At , New Jersey is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, fifth-smallest state in land area. According to a 2024 United States Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau estimate, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 11th-most populous state, with over 9.5 million residents, its highest estimated count ever. The state capital is Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, and the state's most populous city is Newark, New Jersey, Newark. New Jersey is the only U.S. stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intervet
Merck & Co., Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Rahway, New Jersey. The company does business as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the United States and Canada. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, generally ranking in the global top five by revenue. Merck & Co. was originally established as the American affiliate of Merck Group in 1891. Merck develops and produces medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products. It has several blockbuster products, including cancer immunotherapy, anti-diabetic medications, and vaccines for HPV and chickenpox, each generating significant revenue as of 2020. The company is ranked 71st on the 2022 ''Fortune'' 500 and 87th on the 2022 ''Forbes'' Global 2000, both based on 2021 revenues. In 2023, the company’s seat in the ''Forbes'' Global 2000 was 73. Products The company develops medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products. In 2020, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
