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Oreophrynella Vasquezi
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of Bufonidae, true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of ''Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial simplification in the form of cranial fontanelles and absence of the quadratojugal, which may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Quelchii
''Oreophrynella quelchii'', commonly known as the Roraima black frog or Roraima bush toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. This species is restricted to the transboundary summit of Mount Roraima in Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil, and to the nearby Wei-Assipu-tepui on the Brazil–Guyana border. It has been recorded at elevations of above sea level. History and etymology ''Oreophrynella quelchii'' was species description, described as ''Oreophryne Quelchii'' by George Albert Boulenger in 1895. The description was based on one of the several specimens collected from the summit of Mount Roraima by Mr. J. J. Quelch and Mr. F. McConnell. The species was named for the former. Description The holotype, a male, measures in snout–vent length. Coloration is black, but the throat and belly are spotted or marbled with bright yellow, also described as bright orange with black mottling. Webbing between the fingers and toes is moderate (basal). The Dorsum (anatomy), dorsum has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Cryptica
''Oreophrynella cryptica'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ... to Auyan-tepui, Venezuela, and is classed as vulnerable because of its restricted range. Sources Oreophrynella Endemic fauna of Venezuela Amphibians described in 1995 Taxa named by Josefa Celsa Señaris Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of the Tepuis {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibians Of South America
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods, but excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds and mammals). All extant (living) amphibians belong to the monophyletic subclass Lissamphibia, with three living orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Evolved to be mostly semiaquatic, amphibians have adapted to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living in freshwater, wetland or terrestrial ecosystems (such as riparian woodland, fossorial and even arboreal habitats). Their life cycle typically starts out as aquatic larvae with gills known as tadpoles, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. Young amphibians generally undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval form with gills to an air-breathing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniote, anamniotic, tetrapod, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class (biology), class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all Tetrapod, tetrapods, but excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds and mammals). All extant taxon, extant (living) amphibians belong to the monophyletic subclass (biology), subclass Lissamphibia, with three living order (biology), orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Evolved to be mostly semiaquatic, amphibians have adapted to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living in freshwater ecosystem, freshwater, wetland or terrestrial ecosystems (such as riparian woodland, fossorial and even arboreal habitats). Their biological life cycle, life cycle typically starts out as aquatic animal, aquatic larvae with gills known as tadpoles, but some species have devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of '' Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Vasquezi
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of Bufonidae, true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of ''Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial simplification in the form of cranial fontanelles and absence of the quadratojugal, which may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Seegobini
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of '' Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Nigra
''Oreophrynella nigra'', or pebble toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Guiana Highlands in Bolívar State, Venezuela, and known from two tepuis, Kukenan-tepui and Yuruani-tepui, both belonging to the Eastern Tepuis. Description and behaviour It is a small species of toad: males measure and females in snout–vent length. When threatened, the toad folds its limbs under its body, tucks its head in and tenses in a ball shape. If on an incline (this is how it gets its name), this causes it to roll down the slope, escaping the attention of its predator, and looking like a dislodged pebble. Its cryptic black and dark grey coloring that may appear as dark navy blue to some blends with its sandstone habitat. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are rocks and peat bogs in montane tepui environments at elevations of asl. It is classified as vulnerable because of its apparently restricted range. Media interest This toad was featured on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Macconnelli
''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is ...s. Incapable of leaping and able to crawl slowly, it can evade predators such as snakes by falling through the tree canopy to safety, its small size protecting it from injury. ''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is also called the waterfall toad. References Oreophrynella Amphibians described in 1900 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Fauna of the Guianas {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Huberi
''Oreophrynella huberi'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps. Conservation status It is classed as vulnerable as it is known from a single location in Bolivar State, Cerro El Sol, to the north-east of the Auyán-tepui Auyán-tepui (), also spelled Ayan, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) '' Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction.'' Mis .... References Oreophrynella Endemic fauna of Venezuela Amphibians described in 1987 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of the Tepuis {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Dendronastes
''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is ...s. Incapable of leaping and able to crawl slowly, it can evade predators such as snakes by falling through the tree canopy to safety, its small size protecting it from injury. ''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is also called the waterfall toad. References Oreophrynella Amphibians described in 1900 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Fauna of the Guianas {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firmisternal
Firmisternal denotes a morphology of the pectoral girdle of frogs. In firmisternal girdles, the epicoracoid cartilages are fused anteriorly and posteriorly, and usually have an omosternum present. This is in contrast to the other predominant morphology, an arciferal girdle. Firmisternal morphology is generally considered a unique trait of the broad clade "Ranoidea", including Ranidae, Rhacophoridae The Rhacophoridae are a family of frogs in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan, northeastern India to eastern China and Taiwan, south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi. They are commonly known as ... and other families. References Animal morphology Frogs {{anura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
