Firmisternal denotes a morphology of the

pectoral girdle The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans, it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists o ...

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...

s. In firmisternal girdles, the epicoracoid cartilages are fused anteriorly and posteriorly, and usually have an omosternum present. This is in contrast to the other predominant morphology, an arciferal girdle. Firmisternal morphology is generally considered a unique trait of the broad clade "Ranoidea", including Ranidae,

Rhacophoridae The Rhacophoridae are a family of frogs in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan, northeastern India to eastern China and Taiwan, south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi. They are commonly known as ...

and other families.

References

Animal morphology Frogs {{anura-stub