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Ophiocordyceps Coenomyia
''Ophiocordyceps coenomyia'' is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is parasitic to awl-fly larvae. This species is characterized by a globose, alutaceous fertile part at the apex of its light yellow stroma, its immersed perithecia, and ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera o ...s dividing in turn into partspores. The species is closely related to '' O. heteropoda''. References Further reading * Araújo, João, et al. "Unravelling the diversity behind Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex: Three new species of Zombie-Ant fungus from Brazilian Amazon." bioRxiv (2014): 003806. External links * Diptera pests and diseases Animal fungal diseases Fungi described in 2014 Ophiocord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomopathogenic Fungus
An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can kill or seriously disable insects. Typical life cycle These fungi usually attach to the external body surface of insects in the form of microscopic spores (usually asexual, mitosporic spores also called conidia). Under the right conditions of temperature and (usually high) humidity, these spores germinate, grow as hyphae and colonize the insect's cuticle; which they bore through by way of enzymatic hydrolysis, reaching the insects' body cavity ( hemocoel). Then, the fungal cells proliferate in the host body cavity, usually as walled hyphae or in the form of wall-less protoplasts (depending on the fungus involved). After some time the insect is usually killed (sometimes by fungal toxins), and new propagules (spores) are formed in or on the insect if environmental conditions are again right. High humidity is usually required for sporulation. Groups The entomopathogenic fungi include taxa from several of the main fungal groups and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. According to the Catalog of Life, the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Species of Hypocreales are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata, or spore-producing structures. These are often yellow, orange or red. Genera ''incertae sedis'' According to a 2020 review of fungal classification, the following genera within the Hypocreales have an uncertain taxonomic placement ('' incertae sedis''), and have not been assigned to any family: *'' Acremoniopsis'' – 1 sp. *''Berkelella'' – 2 spp. *''Bulbithecium'' – 1 sp. *'' Cephalosporiopsis'' – 10 spp. *'' Chondronectria'' – 1 sp. *'' Cylindronectria'' – 1 sp. *'' Diploo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Ophiocordycipitaceae is a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. Genera *'' Blistum'' *'' Didymobotryopsis'' *''Haptocillium'' *''Harposporium'' (Anamorphic) *''Ophiocordyceps''; anamorphic genera: **'' Hirsutella'' **''Hymenostilbe'' **''Paraisaria'' **''Syngliocladium'' *'' Polycephalomyces'' *'' Purpureocillium'' *'' Synnematium'' *'' Tolypocladium'' (Anamorphic) *'' Trichosterigma'' *†''Paleoophiocordyceps'' See also * Cordycipitaceae *Cordyceps ''Cordyceps'' is a genus of ascomycete fungi (sac fungi) that includes about 600 species. Most ''Cordyceps'' species are endoparasitoids, parasitic mainly on insects and other arthropods (they are thus entomopathogenic fungi); a few are parasiti ... References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3109747 Ascomycota families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awl-fly
The Brachyceran infraorder Xylophagomorpha is a small group that consists solely of the family Xylophagidae, which presently contains subfamilies that were sometimes considered to be two small related families (Coenomyiidae and Rachiceridae). Other obsolete names for members of this family include Exeretonevridae and Heterostomidae. The family is known by the English name awl-flies. The larvae are often predatory, consuming other insect larvae living in rotting wood. Description Flies in this family have elongated bodies and resemble ichneumon wasps in shape. The base of the abdomen is constricted. The antennae have three segments.Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwardsXylophagidae. British Insects: The Families of Diptera. Version 1 January 2012. Genera These nine genera belong to the family Xylophagidae: *'' Anacanthaspis'' Röder, 1889 *'' Arthropeas'' Loew, 1850 *'' Coenomyia'' Latreille, 1797 *''Dialysis'' Walker in Saunders, 1850 *'' Exeretonevra'' Macquart, 184 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stroma (mycology)
Stroma may refer to: Biology * Stroma (tissue), the connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ (in contrast, the parenchyma is the functional aspect of a tissue) ** Stroma of ovary, a soft tissue, well supplied with blood, consisting of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of connective tissue ** Stroma of iris, fibres and cells in the iris ** Stroma of cornea, plates of collagen fibrils in the cornea ** Lymph node stromal cell, cells which provide a scaffold for other lymph node cells ** Stroma of red blood cell, encloses Hemoglobin proteins within the red blood cell **In mycology, a stroma is a tissue structure of some ascomycete mushrooms. * Stroma (fluid), the fluid in between grana, where carbohydrate-formation reactions occur in the chloroplasts of plant cells photosynthesizing * Stromal cell, a connective tissue cell of any organ; supports the function of the parenchyma Places * Island of Stroma, a now uninhabited island ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perithecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiocordyceps Heteropoda
''Ophiocordyceps'' is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. The widespread genus, first described scientifically by British mycologist Tom Petch in 1931, contains about 140 species that grow on insects. Anamorphic genera that correspond with ''Ophiocordyceps'' species are '' Hirsutella'', ''Hymenostilbe'', '' Isaria'', ''Paraisaria'', and ''Syngliocladium''. One species complex, '' Ophiocordyceps unilateralis'', is known for its parasitism on ants, in which it alters the behavior of the ants in such a way as to propagate itself more effectively, killing the ant and then growing its fruiting bodies from the ant's head and releasing its spores. A 48-million-year-old fossil of an ant in the death-grip of ''Ophiocordyceps unilateralis'' was discovered in Germany. Sources and uses ''Ophiocordyceps sinensis'' is a species used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce inflammation, protect the kidneys, and promote cardiovascular heath . However, there is curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diptera Pests And Diseases
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Fungal Diseases
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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