|
O3b MPOWER
O3b mPOWER is a communications satellite system owned and operated by SES. The system uses high-throughput and low- latency satellites in a medium Earth orbit (MEO), along with ground infrastructure and intelligent software, to provide multiple terabits of global broadband connectivity for applications including cellular backhaul and international IP trunking, cruise line connectivity, disaster recovery, and military communications. The first O3b mPOWER satellites were launched in December 2022 and the system became operational in April 2024 with 6 satellites. Two further satellites were launched in December 2024, and the system's capacity will be increased by a further 5 satellites launched by 2026.''SES building a 10-terabit O3b mPower constellation'' SpaceNews ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Satellite
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a Transponder (satellite communications), transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a Radio receiver, receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites are used for television, telephone, radio, internet, and military applications. Many communications satellites are in geostationary orbit above the equator, so that the satellite appears stationary at the same point in the sky; therefore the satellite dish antennas of ground stations can be aimed permanently at that spot and do not have to move to track the satellite. Others form satellite constellations in low Earth orbit, where antennas on the ground have to follow the position of the satellites and switch between satellites frequently. The radio waves used for telecommunications links travel by Line-of-sight propagation, line of sight and so are obstructe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backhaul (telecommunications)
In a hierarchical telecommunications network, the backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network, and the small subnetworks at the ''edge'' of the network (like for example private networks, LANs, etc.). The most common network type in which backhaul is implemented is a mobile network. A backhaul of a mobile network, also referred to as a mobile-backhaul connects a cell site towards the core network. The two main methods of mobile backhaul implementations are fiber-based backhaul and wireless point-to-point backhaul. Other methods, such as copper-based wireline, satellite communications and point-to-multipoint wireless technologies are being phased out as capacity and latency requirements become higher in 4G and 5G networks. In both the technical and commercial definitions, ''backhaul'' generally refers to the side of the network that communicates with the global Internet, paid for at wholesale commercial access ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcan Systems
ALCAN Systems GmbH is a telecommunications company based in Darmstadt, Germany. The company is develops antenna systems for fixed, mobile, cellular and satellite-communication. ALCAN’s technology is based on liquid crystal (LC) based phased-arrays that are capable of operating in the millimeter and microwave bands of the RF spectrum. History ALCAN (Adaptive Liquid Crystal Antenna) Systems’ technology is based on original research initiated at the Institute for Microwave Engineering and Photonics (IMP) at Technische Universität Darmstadt. Professor Rolf Jakoby, director of the IMP and later co-founder of ALCAN Systems, started his research on liquid crystals in radio-frequency applications in 1999. He is considered the father of LC RF applications. Onur H. Karabey joined Jakoby’s research team as a research assistant and started working on his PhD thesis in 2009. Dr. Karabey completed his research in 2012 and published his results under the title “Electronic Beam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megabit
The bit is the most basic Units of information, unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a truth value, logical state with one of two possible value (computer science), values. These values are most commonly represented as either , but other representations such as ''true''/''false'', ''yes''/''no'', ''on''/''off'', or ''+''/''−'' are also widely used. The relation between these values and the physical states of the underlying Data storage device, storage or computing device, device is a matter of convention, and different assignments may be used even within the same device or computer program, program. It may be physically implemented with a two-state device. A contiguous group of binary digits is commonly called a ''bit string'', a bit vector, or a single-dimensional (or multi-dimensional) ''bit array''. A group of eight bits is called one ''byte'', but historically the size of the byte is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contention Ratio
In computer networking, the contention ratio is the ratio of the potential maximum demand to the actual bandwidth. The higher the contention ratio, the greater the number of users that may be trying to use the actual bandwidth at any one time and, therefore, the lower the effective bandwidth offered, especially at peak times.UK OFCOM research report annex on broadban/ref> A ''contended service'' is a service which offers the users of the network a minimum statistically guaranteed contention ratio, while typically offering peaks of usage of up to the maximum bandwidth supplied to the user. Contended services are usually much cheaper to provide than uncontended services, although they only reduce the backbone traffic costs for the users, and do not reduce the costs of providing and maintaining equipment for connecting to the network. Examples by country In the United Kingdom, a Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line ( RADSL) connection used to be marketed with a contention ratio betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ka-band
The Ka band (pronounced as either "kay-ay band" or "ka band") is a portion of the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The designation "Ka-band" is from Kurz-above, which stems from the German word ''kurz,'' meaning "short". There is no standard definition of Ka-band. IEEE Standard letter designations for Radar Bands define the nominal frequency range for Ka band in the range 27–40 gigahertz (GHz) in Tables 1 and 2 of IEEE Standard 521 i.e. wavelengths from slightly over one centimeter down to 7.5 millimeters. The ITU however approves Ka-band satellite networks in the 17.3-31 GHz frequency range, with most Ka-band satellite networks having uplinks in the 27.5–31 GHz and downlinks in the 17.7–21.2 GHz range. The band is called Ka, short for "K-above" because it is the upper part of the original (now obsolete) NATO K band, which was split into three bands because of the presence of the atmospheric water vapor resonance peak at 22.24 G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phased Array
In antenna (radio), antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled Antenna array, array of antennas which creates a radio beam, beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas. In a phased array, the power from the transmitter is fed to the radiating elements through devices called ''phase shifters'', controlled by a computer system, which can alter the phase or signal delay electronically, thus steering the beam of radio waves to a different direction. Since the size of an antenna array must extend many wavelengths to achieve the high gain needed for narrow beamwidth, phased arrays are mainly practical at the high frequency end of the radio spectrum, in the ultrahigh frequency, UHF and microwave bands, in which the operating wavelengths are conveniently small. Phased arrays were originally invented for use in military radar systems, to detect fast moving pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satellite Constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global pass (spaceflight), coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital plane (astronomy), orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use Inter-satellite service, inter-satellite communication. Other satellite groups Satellite constellations should not be confused with: * ''satellite clusters'', which are groups of satellites moving very close together in almost identical orbits (see satellite formation flying); * '':Satellite series, satellite series'' or ''satellite programs'' (such as Landsat program, Landsat), which are generations of satellites launched in succession; * ''satellite fleets'', which are groups of satellites from the same manufacturer or operator tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low Earth Orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an geocentric orbit, orbit around Earth with a orbital period, period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an orbital eccentricity, eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around , while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO), have an altitude of 2,000 km, about one-third of the Earth radius, radius of Earth and near the beginning of the Van Allen radiation belt#Inner belt, inner Van Allen radiation belt. The term ''LEO region'' is used for the area of space below an altitude of (about one-third of Earth's radius). Objects in orbits that pass through this zone, even if they have an apogee further out or are sub-orbital spaceflight, sub-orbital, are carefully tracked since they present a collision risk to the many LEO satellites. No human spaceflights other than the lunar missions of the Apollo program (1968-1972) have gone beyond L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starlink
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by Starlink Services, LLC, an international telecommunications provider that is a wholly owned subsidiary of American aerospace company SpaceX, providing coverage to around 130 countries and territories. Timestamp 12:00. It also aims to provide global mobile broadband. Starlink has been instrumental to SpaceX's growth. SpaceX began launching Starlink satellites in 2019. , the constellation consists of over 7,600 mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) that communicate with designated ground transceivers, and Starlink comprises 65% of all active satellites. Nearly 12,000 satellites are planned, with a possible later extension to 34,400. SpaceX announced reaching over 1 million subscribers in December 2022 and 4 million subscribers in September 2024. The SpaceX satellite development facility in Redmond, Washington, houses Starlink research, development, manufacturing, and orbit control facilities. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geostationary
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit''Geostationary orbit'' and ''Geosynchronous (equatorial) orbit'' are used somewhat interchangeably in sources. (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit in altitude above Earth's equator, in radius from Earth's center, and following the direction of Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Earth's rotational period, one sidereal day, and so to ground observers it appears motionless, in a fixed position in the sky. The concept of a geostationary orbit was popularised by the science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke in the 1940s as a way to revolutionise telecommunications, and the first satellite to be placed in this kind of orbit was launched in 1963. Communications satellites are often placed in a geostationary orbit so that Earth-based satellite antennas do not have to rotate to track them but can be pointed permanently at the position in the sky where the sat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of SES Satellites
This is a list of satellites operated by SES (company), SES.Orbital data for the geostationary satellites can be accesse''here'' AMC fleet The AMC fleet was originally operated by GE Americom, acquired by SES (company), SES Global in 2001. Americom was also operating the older Satcom (satellite), Satcom fleet, whose last operating spacecraft were fully retired in the early 2000s. Astra fleet NSS fleet This fleet came from the acquisition of New Skies Satellites in 2005, which itself had inherited 5 satellites from Intelsat in 1998. SES fleet O3b fleet The O3b fleet was initially owned and operated by O3b Networks, which became a wholly owned subsidiary of SES (company), SES in 2016 Orbiting in Medium Earth orbit (MEO), the first generation satellites are sometimes referred to as "O3b MEO" to more clearly distinguish them from the second generation O3b mPOWER constellation - first launched in 2016, and commenced service in 2024. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
