Noradrenergic Cell Group A5

	Noradrenergic Cell Group A5 Noradrenergic cell groups, Noradrenergic cell group A5 is a group of cells in the vicinity of the superior olivary complex in the pontine tegmentum that label for norepinephrine in primates, rodents and other mammals. The noradrenergic A5 pontine cell group receives inputs from the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas extending from the midbrain to the medulla. It has reciprocal connections with these areas. Its major output is to the spinal cord. These anatomical connections suggest a role in autonomic regulation and A5 has been implicated in control of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. It may also be involved in modulation of pain as part of the descending mesencephalic to spinal cord system.Pertovaara, Antti. "Noradrenergic pain modulation." Progress in neurobiology 80, no. 2 (2006): 53-83. References External links BrainInfo Norepinephrine {{neuroanatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Noradrenergic Cell Groups Noradrenergic cell groups refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). They are named * Noradrenergic cell group A1 * Noradrenergic cell group A2 * Noradrenergic cell group A4 * Noradrenergic cell group A5 * Noradrenergic cell group A6 * Noradrenergic cell group A7 Noradrenergic cell group A6sc Noradrenergic cell group Acg See also Adrenergic cell groups References External links More information aBrainInfo Norepinephrine {{neuroanatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Superior Olivary Complex The superior olivary complex (SOC) or superior olive is a collection of brainstem nuclei that is located in pons, functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. The SOC is intimately related to the trapezoid body: most of the cell groups of the SOC are dorsal (posterior in primates) to this axon bundle while a number of cell groups are embedded in the trapezoid body. Overall, the SOC displays a significant interspecies variation, being largest in bats and rodents and smaller in primates. Physiology The superior olivary nucleus plays a number of roles in hearing. The #Medial superior olive (MSO), medial superior olive (MSO) is a specialized nucleus that is believed to measure the time difference of arrival of sounds between the ears (the interaural time difference or ITD). The ITD is a major cue for determining the azimuth of sounds, i.e., localising them on the azimuthal plane – t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pontine Tegmentum The pontine tegmentum, or dorsal pons, is the dorsal part of the pons located within the brainstem. The ventral part or ventral pons is known as the basilar part of the pons, or basilar pons. Along with the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata, it forms part of the rhomboid fossa – the floor of the fourth ventricle. The pontine tegmentum is all the material dorsal from the basilar pons to the fourth ventricle, and includes the reticulotegmental nucleus, the pedunculopontine nucleus, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and several cranial nerve nuclei. It also houses the pontine respiratory group of the respiratory center which includes the pneumotaxic centre, and the apneustic centre. Anatomy The pontine tegmentum contains nuclei of the cranial nerves ( trigeminal (5th), abducens (6th), facial (7th), and vestibulocochlear (8th) and their associated fibre tracts. The dorsal pons also contains the reticulotegmental nucleus, the mesopontine cholinergic system c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]