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Nizam-e-Mustafa
The Tehreek Nizam-e-Mustafa or the Nizam-e-Mustafa () was a populist, Islamist movement and a slogan which was started in Pakistan by the Jamat-e-Islami and the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) in 1977, to overthrow the secular and socialist government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and establish an Islamic system in Pakistan, inspired from the Sharia, the PNA, which had started this movement believed that the 1977 Elections of Pakistan had been rigged by Bhutto, and therefore, lacked any legitimacy. History The movement was started by an alliance of nine parties which also formed the Pakistan National Alliance. The supporters of this movement carried out large protests across the country, demanding that Bhutto step down, after which law enforcement agencies opened fire on the protestors, and Section 144 was declared across Pakistan, which allowed the state to ban the people from carrying much of their outdoor activities. The political instability in Pakistan was followed by the 1977 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamization In Pakistan
Islamization () or Shariazation, has a long history in Pakistan since the 1950s, but it became the primary policy, or "centerpiece" of the government of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the ruler of Pakistan from 1977 until his death in 1988. Zia is often identified as "the person most responsible for turning Pakistan into a global center for political Islam." Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to enforcing his interpretation of ''Nizam-e-Mustafa'' ("Rule of the prophet" Muhammad), establishing separate Shariat judicial courts and court benches to judge legal cases using Islamic doctrine. New criminal offenses (of adultery, fornication, and types of blasphemy), and new punishments (of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death), were added to Pakistani law. Interest payments for bank accounts were replaced by "profit and loss" payments. ''Zakat'' charitable donations became a 2.5% annual tax. School textbooks and libraries were overhauled to remove un-Islamic material. Offices, schools, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer and statesman who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He also served as the second Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan), chief of the army staff of the Pakistan Army from 1976 until his death. The country's longest-serving ''de facto'' head of state and chief of the army staff, Zia's political ideology is known as Ziaism. Zia was born in Jalandhar and trained at the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun. He served in the British Indian Army in the Second World War, and following the partition of India in 1947, joined the Pakistan Army and stationed in the Frontier Force Regiment. During Black September, he played a prominent role in defending the Jordanian Armed Forces against the Palestine Liberation Organization. In 1976, Zia was elevated to the rank of General (Pakistan), General and was appointed as ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan National Alliance
The Pakistan National Alliance (Urdu: پاکستان قومی اتحاد, Acronym: PNA), was a populist and consolidated right and left political alliance, consisting of nine political parties of the country. Formed in 1977, the country's leading right-wing parties agreed upon to run a political campaign as a single bloc against the left oriented PPP in the 1977 general elections. Despite each parties standing with a different ideology, PNA was noted for its large physical momentum and its right-wing orientation, originally aimed to oppose Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the PPP. Despite its right-wing populist agenda, the alliance performed poorly in the 1977 general election and levelled accusations of rigging the elections. After months of spontaneous violent political activism, the martial law came in effect under chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq who made call for a political retribution. By 1978, the alliance met its end when parties diverged in each of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan (JUP) () is an Islamist political party in Pakistan. It was founded in 1948 by leaders of All India Sunni Conference. The JUP exercised considerable political influence in Pakistani politics during the 1970s to 2003. Its students' wing Anjuman Talaba-e-Islam has a following in Sunni institutions across the country. The party is considered a moderate force in the country. History It was established on 28 March 1948 in Multan by the leaders of All India Sunni Conference to present Sunni Sufi representation in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It had a major support base in Sindh and Punjab. JUP supported Ayub Khan's regime during the 1965 presidential elections on the promises of getting a Shariah-based Pakistan. In the 1970 elections, the JUP won seven seats in Sindh under the leadership of Maulana Ahmad Shah Noorani; the party did not join General Zia Ul Haq government due to Salafi-Saudi inclination of the Zia regime. The party was opposed to Zia's milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populism
Populism is a essentially contested concept, contested concept used to refer to a variety of political stances that emphasize the idea of the "common people" and often position this group in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, often assuming a pejorative tone. Within political science and other social sciences, several different definitions of populism have been employed, with some scholars proposing that the term be rejected altogether. Etymology and terminology The term "populism" has long been subject to mistranslation and used to describe a broad and often contradictory array of movements and beliefs. Its usage has spanned continents and contexts, leading many scholars to characterize it as a vague or overstretched concept, widely invoked in political discourse, yet i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanging
Hanging is killing a person by suspending them from the neck with a noose or ligature strangulation, ligature. Hanging has been a standard method of capital punishment since the Middle Ages, and has been the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first known account of execution by hanging is in Homer's ''Odyssey''. Hanging is also a Suicide by hanging, method of suicide. Methods of judicial hanging There are numerous methods of hanging in execution that instigate death either by cervical fracture or by Strangling, strangulation. Short drop The short drop is a method of hanging in which the condemned prisoner stands on a raised support, such as a stool, ladder, cart, horse, or other vehicle, with the noose around the neck. The support is then moved away, leaving the person dangling from the rope. Suspended by the neck, the weight of the body tightens the noose around the neck, effecting strangulation and death. Loss of consciousness is typically rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Democratic Party
The Pakistan Democratic Party (PDP) was a political party in Pakistan, founded by Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan in June 1967. Nawbzada Nasrullah Khan led the party until his death in 2003. After Nawab's death, the party's leadership was later taken by his son Nawabzada Mansoor Ahmed Khan; the party later merged with Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in 2012. It was a major rival during Pakistan's former president, Pervez Musharraf's presidency due to its affiliation with Alliance for Restoration of Democracy (ARD) led by its chief Nawbzada Nasrullah Khan along with PML-N and PPP which was created to campaign for Pakistan’s return to civilian rule after the 1999 military coup led by General Musharraf and was reported to include over a dozen political parties. Electoral history At the legislative elections held on 20 October 2002, the party won 0.29% of the popular vote. National Assembly elections Leadership * Muhammad Arshad Chaudhry * Nawaz Gondal, secretary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Muslim League (F)
The Pakistan Muslim League (Functional) (, Acronym and initialism, acronym: PMLF, PML-F, PML (F)) is a Nationalism in Pakistan, nationalist and pro-Hurs clan political party in Pakistan. It is one of the List of Muslim League breakaway groups, breakaway groups of Pakistan Muslim League. The letter 'F' in its name stands for ''functional''. It is primarily associated with the Sindhi religious leader Pir of Pagaro VIII, Pir Pagaro. Leadership of a united Pakistan Muslim League (1973–1978) In 1973, PML-Council man and powerful Sindhi landlord, Pir of Pagaro VII, Pir Pagaro VII(also known as Syed Shah Mardan Shah-II), managed to merge the Council Muslim League, PML-Council and Convention Muslim League, PML-Convention to form the PML. The party was backed by industrialists and the business community and it stood against the PPP regime's nationalisation policies. It was a revival of the PML factions in disarray. Pakistan National Alliance and General Zia Pir of Pagaro VII, Pir Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim League (Qayyum)
The Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum), also referred as Qayyum Muslim League (QML) or Muslim League (Qayyum) was a Pakistani political party. After an attempt to neutralize the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Awami League by uniting the PML-Convention and PML-Council, instead, PML-Council leader Sardar Qayyum quit the party and formed his own faction, "Qayyum Muslim League (QML)". PML-Qayyum fielded 173 candidates for the National Assembly of Pakistan in the 1970 general election and won nine seats, whike the first runner-up won 26 seats. It won one seat at the national level and two in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ... in the 1977 elections, which was the last time it won seats. It last ran candidates in the 1993 Pakistani general election. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balochistan National Party (Mengal)
The Balochistan National Party or Balochistan National Party (Mengal) (Urdu: بلوچستان نيشنل پارٹی ; ) is a political party in Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan, Pakistan. BNP believes in more provincial rights and greater autonomy for Baluchistan province through peaceful and democratic struggle. History In 1972, the National Awami Party or NAP formed the first elected government in Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan after winning the elections and Sardar Ataullah Mengal, Ataullah Mengal was sworn in as the first Chief Minister of Balochistan. Nine months after the formation of the NAP Government, it was overthrown by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who used Akbar Bugti's allegation that Sardar Ataullah Mengal, Ataullah Mengal's regime wanted to disintegrate Pakistan and liberate Balochistan as grounds for this dismissal. Mengal, Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, Mir Gul Khan Nasir, Gul Khan Nasir, Khair Bakhsh Marri and the other NAP leaders were thrown in jail. They were released ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Awami Party (Wali)
The Wali Khan faction of the National Awami PartyThe National Awami Party of Pakistan: Leftist Politics in Crisis M. Rashiduzzaman Pacific Affairs, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Autumn, 1970), pp. 394-409 Published by: Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia was formed after the 1967 split in the original NAP between Maulana Bhashani and Abdul Wali Khan. The Wali Khan faction was later named the National Awami Party (NAP) after the independence of Bangladesh (former East Pakistan). The NAP was banned twice during its eight-year-long existence, the first time under the Yahya Khans government in 1971 and the second time in 1975 by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's government. It was then resurrected under the name National Democratic Party, from which in turn was formed the Awami National Party. The Party represented left wing views in Pakistan and its core politics was based on the disbanding of the One Unit, restoration of the adult franchise (1967–1970), land reforms, protection of tenant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (, abbreviated as JUI, translated as Assembly of Islamic Clergy) is a Deobandi Sunni Muslim organization that was founded on 26 October 1945 by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani as a pro-Pakistan offshoot of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind (JUH). It has run candidates for office in Pakistani provincial and national elections, and splintered into several groups in 1980, 2007, and 2020. In March 2019, after the decline of a competing faction JUI-S, the Election Commission of Pakistan reportedly allowed Moulana Fazal-ur-Rehman to have his JUI-F party use the old name of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam with no added letter F. History Background Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (jui-F) is a Deobandi organization, part of the Deobandi movement. The JUI formed when members broke from the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in 1945 after that organization against the All-India Muslim League, Muslim League's lobby for a separate Pakistan the Splinter member's formed the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam as a breakaway faction of Jamiat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
