Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (, abbreviated as JUI, translated as Assembly of Islamic Clergy) is a

Deobandi The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. It was formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband, India, from which the nam ...

Sunni Muslim organization that was founded on 26 October 1945 by

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (11 October 188713 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar and an activist of the Pakistan Movement, who served as the of Pakistan in 1949. He was the first to demand that Pakistan become an Islamic state. He was a religio ...

as a pro-Pakistan offshoot of the

Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind ( ) is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India. It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Fi ...

(JUH). It has run candidates for office in Pakistani provincial and national elections, and splintered into several groups in 1980, 2007, and 2020. In March 2019, after the decline of a competing faction JUI-S, the

Election Commission of Pakistan The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) is an independent, autonomous, permanent and constitutionally established federal body responsible for organizing and conducting elections to the national parliament, provincial legislatures, local g ...

reportedly allowed Moulana Fazal-ur-Rehman to have his JUI-F party use the old name of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam with no added letter F.

History

Background

Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (jui-F) is a Deobandi organization, part of the

movement. The JUI formed when members broke from the

in 1945 after that organization against the Muslim League's lobby for a separate

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

the Splinter member's formed the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam as a breakaway faction of

and backed the Muslim League's idea of separate muslim nation, The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam pledge allegiance to

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 187611 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pa ...

and announce openly support to

Pakistan movement The Pakistan Movement was a religiopolitical and social movement that emerged in the early 20th century as part of a campaign that advocated the creation of an Islamic state in parts of what was then British Raj. It was rooted in the two-nation the ...

under the leadership of

, Who was the

Islamic scholar he was one of the founding members of

Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Millia Islamia is a Public university, public and research university located in Delhi, India. Originally established at Aligarh, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India) during the British R ...

New Delhi New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Parliament ...

and a former member of the

In 1944, he became a member of the Muslim League who supported the creation of Pakistan. The original

was formed in

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...

in 1919.Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam - Fazal
Dawn (newspaper), Published 5 April 2013, Retrieved 3 March 2020 After the death of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani in 1949, his close associate Zafar Ahmad Usmani replaced him as head or

Amir Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has ...

of JUH. Then

Mufti Mahmud Mufti Mehmood-ur-Rehman (; 1919–1980) was a Pakistani statesman and Ulama, Islamic scholar who was one of the founding members of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI); widely regarded as one of the greatest politicians in the history of Pakistan ...

became Amir of this party in 1962 and remained its head until his death in 1980. After the death of Mufti Mahmud, the group was further divided during

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer and statesman who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He also se ...

regime, namely Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S) supporting

Jihadism Jihadism is a neologism for modern, armed militant Political aspects of Islam, Islamic movements that seek to Islamic state, establish states based on Islamic principles. In a narrower sense, it refers to the belief that armed confrontation ...

and a totalitarian state whereas

Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Pakistan also known the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam or simply as Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) (; ; JUI (F)) is an Islamic fundamentalist political party in Pakistan. Established as the ''Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam'' in 1945, it is th ...

supporting the movement for restoration of democracy in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the JUI was active in the anti-Ahmadiyya riots in 1953 and

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; ...

and anti-Shia agitations. Part of the JUI's agenda has also been to establish a "pure" Islam in Pakistan. In particular, the JUI has sought to eliminate the worship of saints and other un-Islamic practices.

Factions

Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh () is a Bangladeshi Islamic Party registered with Bangladesh Election Commission. It is the successor to the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam. Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh was a member of the 20-Party alliance. It was a ...

– headed by

Zia Uddin Mufakkir al-Islām Ḍiyā' ad-Dīn ibn Muqaddas ʿAlī (; born 4 April 1941), better known simply as Zia Uddin () or reverentially as Nazim Saheb Huzur (), is a Bangladeshi Deobandi Islamic scholar, politician and educationist. He is currently ...

, was founded in 1972 following the Bangladesh War of Independence. Following the death of Mufti Mehmood Ahmed in 1980 JUI split in two: *

– headed by Fazal-ur-Rehman JUI-F is almost entirely based in southern

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...

and northern

Balochistan Balochistan ( ; , ), also spelled as Baluchistan or Baluchestan, is a historical region in West and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. This arid region o ...

, which are mostly inhabited by

Pashtuns Pashtuns (, , ; ;), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They were historically also referred to as Afghan (ethnon ...

. The assassination of the head of splinter faction (JUI-S) in 2018 led to the diminishing of that faction,"Election Commission accepts JUI(F) plea to get renamed as JUI". ''Daily Jang''. Rawalpindi, 17 March 2020. p. 12 and to Moulana Fazal-ur-Rehman being successful in pleading before

(ECP) to get his JUI-F faction renamed as JUI in March 2019. As of 2021 (at least) it was "the biggest religio-political party" in Pakistan, with "proven street power", and is still commonly referred to as JUI (F) despite being registered with the Election Commission of Pakistan as simply JUI. * Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S) – headed by Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani split with JUI (F) in 1980 and supports

and a totalitarian state and also Zia's regime is of regional significance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but has no representation on the national level. Sami-ul-Haq was assassinated in 2018 and his son, Maulana Hamid-ul-Haq Haqqani became its chief, but the group reportedly has much less support now. A faction known as JUI Nazryati split from JUI-F in 2007 and merged back again in 2016. * Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Nazryati – headed by Maulvi Asmatullah. JUI-N was open in its support for the Afghan Taliban and Al Qaeda, but suffered a severe defeat in the 2013 general election. * Rabita Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam – headed by Muhammad Khan Sherani was established in December 2020 as a breakway faction of

(JUI-F) over rifts with Fazal-ur-Rehman, It has declared alliance with

Imran Khan Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi (born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani politician, philanthropist, and former cricketer who served as the 19th prime minister of Pakistan from August 2018 until April 2022. He was the founder of the political party Pak ...

and his party, the

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) is a political party in Pakistan established in 1996 by cricketer and politician Imran Khan, who served as the country's prime minister from 2018 to 2022. The party is led by Gohar Ali Khan since late 2023. ...

, JUI Pakistan also supports

Afghan Taliban , leader1_title = Supreme leaders , leader1_name = {{indented plainlist, * Mullah Omar{{Natural Causes{{nbsp(1994–2013) * Akhtar Mansour{{Assassinated (2015–2016) * Hibatullah Akhundzada (2016–present) , leader2_title = Gov ...

led government in

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

Electoral history

References

{{Reflist 1947 establishments in Pakistan Political parties established in 1947 Islamic political parties in Pakistan Far-right political parties in Pakistan Deobandi organisations

History

Background

Factions

Electoral history

See also

References