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Niyayishn
The Niyayishn are a collection of five Zoroastrian prayers which are part of the Khordeh Avesta. They are dedicated to the Zoroastrian divinities associated with the Sun ( Hvare-khshaeta and Mithra), the Moon (Mah), the Waters (Aban and Anahita) and Fire (Atar). Overview The Niyayishn are composed from diverse material drawn from other sources, in particular the individual Yashts for the respective Yazatas, and the Gāhs which correspond to the period of the day at which the prayer is performed. In the Khordeh Avesta, the prayers are published jointly with translations in languages like Gujarati and Persian, which are the native languages of Zoroastrians in India and Iran. These translations help laypeople to perform these prayers. Xwarshed Niyayishn The first prayer is the Xwarshed Niyayishnis, which is dedicated to Hvare-khshaeta, the Yazata of the radiant sun. It is to be recited three Gāhs, namely at the morning Gāh (hāwan gāh), at the midday Gāh (rapiθβin gāh), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihr Yasht
The Mihr Yasht is the tenth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection and is dedicated to the veneration of Mithra. It belongs to the so called ''Great Yashts'' and, with 145 stanzas, it is one of the longest in the collection. Overview The Mihr Yasht is named after Mithra, whose name in Middle Persian became mihr. Mithra is the Zoroastrian divinity associated with oaths, contracts and the Sun. The Mihr Yasht is the hymn of the sixteenth day of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar. It has 145 stanzas and belongs to the so called ''Great Yashts''. This term refers to the longer Yashts, which are often considered to be older and more important. Within this group, the Mihr Yasht is sometimes grouped together with Yashts 8, 13 and 14, into the hymnic group. Some parts of the Yasht have been incorporated into the Mihr Niyayishn, the second prayer from the Niyayishn collection, which is also dedicated to Mithra. History Mithra, the Zoroastrian divinity being praised in the Mihr Yasht, is r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khordeh Avesta
Khordeh Avesta, meaning 'little, or lesser, or small Avesta', is the name given to two different collections of Zoroastrian religious texts. One of the two collections includes the other and takes its name from it. * In a narrow sense, the term applies to a particular manuscript tradition that includes only the five '' Nyayesh'' texts, the five '' Gah'' texts, the four '' Afrinagan''s, and five introductory chapters that consist of quotations from various passages of the ''Yasna''. More generally, the term may also be applied to Avestan texts other than the lengthy liturgical ''Yasna'', '' Visperad'' and ''Vendidad''. The term then also extends to the twenty-one yashts and the thirty '' Siroza'' texts, but does not usually encompass the various Avestan language fragments found in other works. * In the 19th century, when the first ''Khordeh Avesta'' editions were printed, the selection of Avesta texts described above (together with some non-Avestan language prayers) became a boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anahita
Anahita is the Old Persian form of the name of an Iranian goddess and appears in complete and earlier form as ('), the Avestan name of an Indo-Iranian cosmological figure venerated as the divinity of "the Waters" ( Aban) and hence associated with fertility, healing and wisdom. There is also a temple named Anahita in Iran. Aredvi Sura Anahita is ''Ardwisur Anahid'' (اردویسور آناهید) in Middle and Modern Persian, and '' Anahit'' in Armenian. An iconic shrine sects of Aredvi Sura Anahita was, together with other shrine sects, "introduced apparently in the 4th century BCE and lasted until it was suppressed in the wake of an iconoclastic movement under the Sasanids.". The symbol of goddess Anahita is the Lotus flower. Lotus Festival (Persian: Jashn-e Nilupar) is an Iranian festival that is held on the end of the first week of July. Holding this festival at this time was probably based on the blooming of lotus flowers at the beginning of summer. The Greek and R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrian Prayer
Zoroastrian prayer covers a wide range of invocations and utterances, aimed at connecting the faithful with Ahura Mazda or other Zoroastrian Yazata, divinities. They may be performed in private, in public or at a fire temple. The practice of prayer has changed considerable over the centuries. In Avestan period, Old Iranian times, Manthra (Zoroastrianism), manthras were the most common form. During the Middle Iranian period, non-Avestan prayers like the ''nirang'' and the ''monajat'' became common. In modern times, the wide availability of printed literature like the Khordeh Avesta had a noticeable effect on Zoroastrian prayer practice. Definition In general, prayers are interpreted as a means to establish a connection between a person saying the prayer and a deity to whom the prayer is addressed. In the Western tradition, they are distinguished from the broader canon of religious texts, which are considered revelations of the divine to humanity. This distinction is not directly ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasna
Yasna (; ''''. ) is the name of 's principal act of worship. It is also the name of the primary liturgical collection of texts, recited during that ''yasna'' ceremony. Overview The function of the ''yasna'' ceremon ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrianism In Iran
Zoroastrianism is considered to be the oldest religion still practiced in Iran. It is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion that emerged around the 2nd millennium BCE, spreading through the Iranian Plateau, Iranian plateau and eventually gaining official status under the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE. It remained the Iranian state religion until the 7th century CE, when the Muslim conquest of Persia, Arab conquest of Persia resulted in the fall of the Sasanian Empire to the nascent Rashidun Caliphate. Over time, the persecution of Zoroastrians led to them becoming a religious minority amidst the Islamization of Iran, as many fled east to Parsis, take refuge in India. Some of Zoroastrianism's holiest sites are located in Iran, such as Yazd. Today, Iran has the second- or third-largest Zoroastrian population in the world, behind only India and possibly the Kurdistan Region, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The official Iranian census of 2011 recorded a total of 25,271 Zoroast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrianism In India
Zoroastrianism, an Iranian religion, has been present in India for thousands of years. Though it split into a separate branch, it shares a common origin with Hinduism and other Indian religions, having been derived from the Indo-Iranian religion. Though it was once the majority and official religion of the Iranian nation, Zoroastrianism eventually shifted to the Indian subcontinent in light of the Muslim conquest of Iran, which saw the Rashidun Caliphate annex the Sasanian Empire by 651 CE. Owing to the persecution of Zoroastrians in the post-Sasanian period, a large wave of Iranian migrants fled to India, where they became known as the Parsi people, who now represent India's oldest Zoroastrian community. Later waves of Zoroastrian immigration to India took place over the following centuries, with a spike in the number of these refugees occurring during the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam and again during the reign of the Qajar dynasty, whose persecution of Zoroastrians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gāh
Gāh () is a period of time which is dedicated to a Yazata in Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zoroaster, Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, .... References Bibliography * (note to catalogue searchers: the spine of this edition misprints the title "Zoroastrians" as "Zoroastians", and this may lead to catalogue errors) Zoroastrianism Persian words and phrases {{Zoroastrianism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gujarati Language
Gujarati ( ; , ) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people. Gujarati is descended from Old Western Rājasthāni, Old Gujarati (). In India, it is one of the 22 Languages with official status in India, scheduled languages of the Union. It is also the official language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. As of 2011, Gujarati is the List of languages by number of native speakers in India, 6th most widely spoken language in India by number of native speakers, spoken by 55.5 million speakers which amounts to about 4.5% of the total Indian population. It is the List of languages by number of native speakers, 26th most widely spoken language in the world by number of native speakers as of 2007.Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in ''Nationalencyklopedin''. Asteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yasht
A Yasht (, ) is a hymn of praise composed in the Young Avestan language and dedicated to specific Zoroastrian divinities. The term commonly applies to the collection of 21 Yashts, although it may also refer to other texts within the wider Avesta collection. Name The English word ''yasht'' is derived from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭱𐭲 (, "prayer, worship"). In the Pahlavi literature, the word is used interchangeably with ''yasn''. Yasht probably originated from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (, "honored") from 𐬫𐬀𐬰 (, "to worship, honor"). It may ultimately go back to Proto-Indo-European ''*yeh₂ǵ-'' or ''*Hyaǵ-''. Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 is also the origin of two other terms. First, Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (, act of worship), which is a general Zoroastrian term for an act of worship or specifically the Yasna ritual, and, second, Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (, (being) worthy of worship), which is a general Zoroastrian term for divinity. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
