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Nilambur Kingdom
Nilambur Kovilakam, also known as Nilambur Kingdom, was a former vassal kingdom and royal Kovilakam in present-day Kerala, India, situated near the Nilgiri range of the Western Ghats. It was ruled by Samantha Kshatriyas of the Nagavanshi clan who were the family members, relatives and representatives of the Samoothiri Raja (Zamorin) of Calicut. The Nilambur Rajas extended their power and authority by marrying with the Nambudiris. This practise was called Sambandam, and resulted in both Brahmins and Kshatriyas taking turns to rule over the Nilambur Kovilakam kingdom. The Brahmin rulers used the title ''Namboodiripād'' while the Kshatriya rulers used the title ''Thirumulpād''. To seal the marriage pacts, they built several aristocratic Illams, such as the Nambudiri stronghold of Pootheri Illam (also called as Pootheri Mana or Pootheri Palace) in Feroke. Following the collapse of the Zamorin's dynasty in 1806, the Nilambur Rajas continued to rule as independent chieftains u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirumulpad
Tirumalpād or Thirumalpād is a Hindu Kshatriya title used in North and Central Kerala, India.E. Thurston. Castes and tribes of South India Volume 7Madras Census report 1891 The title is used independently by certain sections of Samanthan Nairs and Samanta Kshatriya as well as by some Namboothiri clans. Sāmantha Thirumalpād is investituted with a sacred thread and observes customs and manners exactly similar to other Samantan Nairs. In contrast, the Samanta Kshatriya Thirumalpāds wear the sacred thread, performing vedic rites. Distinction The Thirumulpāds of the Samanta Kshatriya stock are further divided into two classes (Sripurogamas who are the attendants at the Raja's palace) and the Audvāhikas (who perform wedding ceremony for certain castes). Both these, however, are identical people, though varying in their traditional occupations. Their females are called Nambashtadiri. They are mostly found in Cochin. Thirumulpād of the Sāmantha stock include clans of the Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calicut
Kozhikode (), also known as Calicut, is a city along the Malabar Coast in the state of Kerala in India. Known as the City of Spices, Kozhikode is listed among the City of Literature, UNESCO's Cities of Literature. It is the nineteenth largest urban agglomeration in the country and the second largest one in Kerala. Calicut city is the second largest city proper in the state with a corporation limit population of 609,224 Calicut is classified as a Tier-2 city by the Government of India. It is the largest city on the Malabar Coast and was the capital of the British-era Malabar District, Malabar district. It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins). The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to the medieval South Indian coast for the Chinese people, Chinese, the Persians, the Arabs, and finally the Europeans. According to data compiled by economics research firm Indicus Analytics in 2009 on residences, earnings and investments, Kozhikode was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eradi
Eradi is a subcaste of Kiriyathil Nair or Eradi Nair community from the Eranad of Kerala, they were later elevated to the Samanthan Nair caste by performing the Padmagarbha Yagna. The Samoothiri (Zamorin), the erstwhile monarchs and hereditary rulers of the kingdom of Kozhikode, belong to this subcaste. They derive their name from the province of Eranad, where they were the ruling chiefs. The Eradi or Samoothiri first tried to elevate himself to the Samanthan Kshatriya status by performing the Hiranyagarbha Yagna, but fierce opposition by his opponents (Most notable of whom were the Rajas of Cochin) forced the Namboothiris of Malabar to abandon the plan. Instead, the Samoothiri was elevated to the Samanthan Nair caste by performing the Padmagarbha Yagna. See also *Justice V. Balakrishna Eradi *Nair The Nair (, ) also known as Nayar, are a group of Indian Hindu castes, described by anthropologist Kathleen Gough as "not a unitary group but a named category of castes". The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Musliyar
Āli Musliyār (born Erikkunnan Pālattu Mūlayil Āli; 1862–1922) was the leader of Malabar Rebellion. Musliyār was the Imam of Tirurangadi Masjid from 1907 until his eventual execution at Coimbatore Prison for the allegation against him for calling to fight against British rule. He was an active orator of the Khilafat Movement in Malabar region. Early life Āli Musliyar was born in Nellikkunattu desom, Eranad taluk, Malabar district to Kunhimoitīn Molla and Kōtakkal Āmina. Kōtakkal Āmina was a member of the famous Maqdoom family of Ponnani, known for their radical islamist sect of religious law. Musliyar's grandfather, Mūsa, was one of several "Malappuram Martyrs". Ali Musliyar began his education studying the Qur'an, tajwīd and the Malayālam language with Kakkadammal Kunnukammu Molla. He was sent to Ponnani Darse for further studies in religion and philosophy, under the tutelage of Sheikh Zainuddin Maqdum I (Akhir), which he successfully completed after 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mappila
Malabar Muslims or Muslim Mappilas are members of the Muslim community found predominantly in Kerala and the Lakshadweep islands in Southern India. The term Mappila (Ma-Pilla) is used to describe Malabar Muslims in Northern Kerala. Muslims share the common language of Malayalam with the other religious communities of Kerala.Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 198 pp. 458–56. According to some scholars, the Malabar Muslims are the oldest settled native Muslim community in South Asia. In general, a Muslim Mappila is a descendant of Hindu lower caste natives who converted to Islam.Hafiz Mohamad, N. P. "Socioeconomic determinants of the continuity of matrilocal family system among Mappila Muslims of Malabar" Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (2013) Department of History, University of Calicu/ref>P. P., Razak Abdul "Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of Muslims of Malabar" Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (2013) Depart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malabar Rebellion
The Malabar rebellion of 1921 (also called Moplah rebellion, and Mappila rebellion, Malayalam: ''malabār kalāpam'') started as a resistance against the British colonial rule in certain places in the southern part of old Malabar district of present-day Kerala. The popular uprising was also against the prevailing feudal system controlled by Hindus. For the mappila side, the rebellion was primarily a peasant revolt against the colonial government. During the uprising, the rebels attacked various symbols and institutions of the colonial state, such as telegraph lines, train stations, courts and post offices. There were also a series of clashes between the Mappila Muslims, Mappila Muslims and the Hindu landlords, the latter supported by the British colonial government, throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. The heavy-handed suppression of the Khilafat Movement by the colonial government was met by resistance in the Eranad and Perinthalmanna taluk, Valluvanad ''taluks'' of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feroke
Feroke () is a Municipality and a part of Kozhikode metropolitan area under Kozhikode Development Authority (K.D.A) in the Kozhikode district of the Indian state of Kerala. Feroke municipality shares its borders with Kozhikode corporation, Ramanattukara municipality, Kadalundi panchayat and Chelembra panchayath. Feroke is located 11 km away from Kozhikode city. Feroke is developing as a suburb of Kozhikode city and Feroke is a part of Kozhikode urban area masterplan. Name The village was originally named Farookhabad by Tipu Sultan. Later, this was changed to Feroke by the British. Tipu Sulthan wanted to make Feroke as his capital in Malabar. The remains of a fort built by Tipu Sultan still stands in Feroke with a long tunnel to the river. Authorities are trying to preserve the fort remains as a site of historical importance. The old bridge at Feroke was built by the British in 1883. History Feroke, on the southern bank of Chaliyar river, was adjacent to the kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illam
Illam (), also referred to as Mana, is the Malayalam word for the house of a Namboodiri Brahmin. In the traditional lineage system used for the classification and identification of homes based on the castes of Kerala, South India, an Illam served as the ''Tharavad'' (ancestral house) of Nambudiri Brahmin families. Illam also refers to the house of a elite Nair and Amabalavasi in certain regions of Kerala. The Namboodiris, who constituted the highest ranking caste of Kerala, also refer to their lineages as the ''Brahmaalayam''. The family homes are built according to the canons of '' Vaasthusaasthram'', meaning "architecture" in the Sanskrit language. Very few ''illams'' continue to be used for dwelling, while most have been morphed into museums, ayurvedic health care centres and home stays in the struggle for survival. Structural layout The traditional layout of a Namboodiri Illam is in the form of an open courtyard which is located in the middle, known as the ''Nadumut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmin
Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage rituals, such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, Brahmins are accorded the supreme ritual status of the four social classes, and they also served as spiritual teachers (guru or acharya). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historically also became agriculturalists, warriors, traders, and had also held other occupations in the Indian subcontinent.GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakasha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sambandam
Sambandam was the traditional marriage practiced by Nambudiris, Nairs, Samantha Kshatriya and Ambalavasis among their own communities as well as with each other, in Kerala, India. "Sambandham" was derived from the Sanskrit words "Sama" meaning "equal" and "Bandham" meaning "alliance." Practice Samanthan, Nairs and Ambalavasi Sambantham was one of the marriage traditions among the traditional matrilineal castes. Women of Samanthan, Nairs and Ambalavasi castes could marry men within their own community or from ritually higher ranked Brahmin (Nambudiri caste). This practice was prevalent among the wealthy royal families of Kerala. Nambuthiri Brahmins Nambuthiri Brahmins, in particular, followed specific marriage customs. Only the eldest son of a Nambuthiri Brahmin family could marry within his own community, while others could marry from the Kshatriya or equivalent. They are allowed to marry women only from royal families, the highest subcaste of Nair, and Ambalavasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nambudiri
The Nambudiri (), also transliterated as Nampoothiri, Nambūdiri, Namboodiri, Namboothiri, Namboodri, Namboori, and Nampūtiri, are a Malayali Brahmin caste, native to what is now the state of Kerala, India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite. Headed by the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal , Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ, the Nambudiris were the highest ranking caste in Kerala. They owned a large portion of the land in the region of Malabar District, and together with the Nair monarchs of Kerala, the Nambudiris formed the landed aristocracy known as the Jenmimar, until the Land reform in Kerala, Kerala Land Reforms starting in 1957. The Nambudiris have traditionally lived in Tharavad, ancestral homes known as Illams and have been described by anthropologist Joan Mencher as, "A wealthy, aristocratic landed caste of the highest ritual and secular rank." Venerated as the carriers of the Sanskrit language and ancient Vedas, Vedic culture, the Nambudiris held m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
