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Neutrality Monument
The Monument of Neutrality () is a monument and observation tower located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The three-legged arch, which became known locally as "The Tripod", was tall and was built in 1998 on the orders of President Saparmurat Niyazov to commemorate the country's official position of neutrality. It was constructed by Turkish construction firm Polimeks at a cost of $12 million. Originally located in central Ashgabat, the monument was one of the tallest buildings in the city, being taller than the nearby Presidential Palace. It was topped by an illuminated tall gold-plated statue of Niyazov which rotated to always face the sun. The monument features a panoramic viewing platform for visitors, accessible by inclined elevators built into the arch's legs. In 2010, the monument was dismantled and moved to the suburbs in the city's southern end, where it was reassembled and still stands. Removal On 18 January 2010, Niyazov's successor, President Gurbanguly Berdimu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arch
An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it. Arches may support the load above them, or they may perform a purely decorative role. As a decorative element, the arch dates back to the 4th millennium BC, but structural load-bearing arches became popular only after their adoption by the Ancient Romans in the 4th century BC. Arch-like structures can be horizontal, like an arch dam that withstands the horizontal hydrostatic pressure load. Arches are usually used as supports for many types of vaults, with the barrel vault in particular being a continuous arch. Extensive use of arches and vaults characterizes an arcuated construction, as opposed to the trabeated system, where, like in the architectures of ancient Greece, China, and Japan (as well as the modern steel-framed technique), posts and beams dominate. Arches had several advantages over the lintel, especially in the masonry construction: with the same amount of material it can have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician and former dentist who is currently the chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan. He previously served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022, when he entered into a power-sharing arrangement with his son, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, Serdar, the current president. A former dentist, Berdimuhamedow served in the government of the president, Saparmurat Niyazov, as the Ministry of Health (Turkmenistan), minister of health in 1997 and as the third Vice President of Turkmenistan, vice president in 2001. He became acting president following Niyazow's death on 21 December 2006 and subsequently won the 2007 Turkmenistan presidential election, 2007 presidential election. He faced no meaningful opposition and won by an overwhelming margin with 89% of the vote. In 2012 Turkmenistan presidential election, 2012, he was re-elected for a second term with 97% of the vote and he was re- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures Completed In 1998
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De-Stalinization
De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and Khrushchev Thaw, the thaw brought about by ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to power, and his 1956 secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin's cult of personality and the Stalinism, Stalinist political system. List of statues of Joseph Stalin, Monuments to Stalin were removed, his List of places named after Joseph Stalin, name was removed from places, buildings, and State Anthem of the Soviet Union, the state anthem, and his body was removed from the Lenin Mausoleum (known as the Lenin and Stalin Mausoleum from 1953 to 1961) and buried. These reforms were started by the collective leadership which succeeded him after his death on 5 March 1953, comprising Georgi Malenkov, Premier of the Soviet Union; Lavrentiy Beria, head of the Ministry of Internal Affa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saparmyrat Nyýazow
Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006) was a Turkmenistani politician who led Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006. He was the Secretary (title), first secretary of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan from 1985 until 1991 and supported the 1991 Soviet coup attempt. He continued to rule Turkmenistan as the first President of Turkmenistan, president for 15 years after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Turkmen media referred to him using the title ''His Excellency Saparmurat Türkmenbaşy, President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan), Cabinet of Ministers''. His self-given title ''Türkmenbaşy'', meaning ''Head of the Turkmen'', referred to his position as the founder and president of the Humanitarian Association of World Turkmens, Association of Turkmens of the World. In 1999, the Assembly of Turkmenistan declared Niyazov to be president for life. In his time, he was one of the world's m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistani Manat
The manat (; Currency symbol, abbreviation: m; ISO 4217, code: TMT) is the currency of Turkmenistan. The original manat was introduced on 1 November 1993, replacing the Soviet rouble, rouble at a rate of 1 manat = Rbls 500. The manat is subdivided into 100 ''tenge'' (). Due to heavy inflation a new manat was introduced on 1 January 2009 at the rate of 5,000 old manats to 1 new manat. Etymology The word ''"manat"'' is derived from the Russian word монета ("moneta") meaning "coin," which derived from Latin ''Moneta, Monēta''. It was used as the name of the Soviet ruble#Ruble in the Soviet Union, Soviet currency in Turkmen () and in Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani. Coins In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge. The 1, 5, and 10 tenge were struck in copper-plated-steel, with the higher denominations in nickel-plated-steel. This first series of coins was short lived as their metal value soon became worth more than their actual face ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UN Flag
The flag of the United Nations is a sky blue banner containing the United Nations' emblem in the centre. The emblem on the flag is coloured white; it is a depiction of the world map in the azimuthal equidistant projection (centred on the North Pole and the International Date Line), surrounded by a pair of olive branches, a symbol of peace. The emblem was officially adopted on 7 December 1946, and the flag containing the emblem was officially adopted on 20 October 1947. Design The flag of the United Nations consists of the white emblem on the sky blue background. The emblem depicts a azimuthal equidistant projection of the world map, centred on the North Pole, with the globe being orientated to the International Date Line. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles. The map is inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree. The size of the emblem on the flag is one half the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Day Of Neutrality
Neutrality Day of Turkmenistan () is the second most important state holiday in Turkmenistan. This date is celebrated in Turkmenistan annually on December 12. It coincides with the International Day of Neutrality as well as Students Day (since 2003), which is marked together with Neutrality Day. It has been dubbed as Turkmenistan's "second significant national holiday". Background UN General Assembly Resolution number 50/80 was adopted on December 12, 1995, which expressed the hope that "the status of permanent neutrality of Turkmenistan will contribute to peace and security in the region." The resolution calls on UN to respect and maintain the neutrality of Turkmenistan. Festivities In Neutrality Day across the Central Asian republic are mass festivities and holiday concerts. Ashgabat hosts international conference. In 2005, on the holiday's 10th anniversary, a parade of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan led by Colonel Kairam Bairamov was held in the Ashgabat Stadium. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Rink
An ice rink (or ice skating rink) is a frozen body of water or an artificial sheet of ice where people can ice skate or play winter sports. Ice rinks are also used for exhibitions, contests and ice shows. The growth and increasing popularity of ice skating during the 1800s marked a rise in the deliberate construction of ice rinks in numerous areas of the world. The word "rink" is a word of Scottish origin meaning "course", used to describe the ice surface used in the sport of curling, but was kept in use once the winter team sport of ice hockey became established. There are two types of ice rinks in prevalent use today: natural ice rinks, where freezing occurs from cold ambient temperatures, and artificial ice rinks (or mechanically frozen), where a coolant produces cold temperatures underneath the water body (on which the game is played), causing the water body to freeze and then stay frozen. There are also synthetic ice rinks where skating surfaces are made out of plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totalitarian
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition from political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and completely controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society. In the field of political science, totalitarianism is the extreme form of authoritarianism, wherein all socio-political power is held by a dictator. This figure controls the national politics and peoples of the nation with continual propaganda campaigns that are broadcast by state-controlled and state-aligned private mass communications media. The totalitarian government uses ideology to control most aspects of human life, such as the political economy of the country, the system of education, the arts, sciences, and private morality of its citizens. In the exercise of socio-political power, the difference between a totalitarian regime of government and an authoritarian regime of government is one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cults Of Personality
A cult of personality is a system of worshipful behavior through uncritical flattery and praise directed at national leaders. Cults of personality use various techniques, including the mass media, propaganda, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create a heroic image of a leader and maintain power. Afghanistan Nur Muhammad Taraki of the ruling People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan served as President of Afghanistan from 1978 to 1979, when he told people to refer to him with titles such as the "Great Leader" and hung his portrait all across the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In the 1990s, Uzbek warlord general Abdul Rashid Dostum, who controlled most of northern Afghanistan, created a similar cult of personality in the region. A similar personality cult has risen around former Taliban leader, Mullah Omar, after the 2021 Taliban offensive. Albania The long-time ruler of Communist Albania, Enver Hoxha, had what the OECD called "an ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
