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National Progressive Party (Finland)
The National Progressive Party (; ) was a liberal political party in Finland from 1918 to 1951. The party was founded 8 December 1918, after the Finnish Civil War, by the republican majority of the Young Finnish Party and the republican minority of the Finnish Party (the next day the monarchists of both parties founded the National Coalition Party.) In December 1918, the National Progressive Party adopted a social liberal programme that contained a wide range of progressive proposals. Amongst others, these included land reform, state job creation work and unemployment schemes, state participation in the provision of housing-building schemes and compulsory sickness insurance pensions, legislation guaranteeing contracts, conditions of work and a minimum wage, and a progressive income and wealth tax to pay for this social reform programme. As noted by one study, “The spirit of the NPP’s programme, in short, was clearly that of social liberalism.” Later programmes adopte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Finnish Party
The Young Finnish Party or Constitutional-Fennoman Party ( or ) was a liberal and nationalist political party in the Grand Duchy of Finland. It began as an upper-class reformist movement during the 1870s and formed as a political party in 1894. Background Industrialization and opening of the Finnish economy by Emperor Alexander II gave room for liberal economic thinking. The Young Finns opposed on constitutional basis Russification efforts commenced by Emperor Nicholas II during 1899-1905. During that period various political factions joined the movement and they were held together by a common opponent, the autocratic Russian Empire. The movement separated itself from the main Fennoman movement, the Finnish Party due to political competition between two political generations that had differing views on Finland's constitutional status in the Russian Empire. In 1907, after a general strike that finished the first Russification period and brought parliamentary democracy with unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Finland
The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the Unicameralism, unicameral and Parliamentary sovereignty, supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The Parliament consists of 200 members, 199 of whom are elected every four years from 13 multi-member districts electing 6 to 37 members using the proportional D'Hondt method. In addition, there is one member from Åland. Legislation may be initiated by either the Finnish Government, Government or one of the members of Parliament. The Parliament passes legislation, decides on the state budget, approves international treaties, and supervises the activities of the government. It may bring about the resignation of the Finnish Government, override presidential vetoes, and alter the constitution. To make changes to the constitution, amendments must be approved by two successive parliaments, with an election c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Party – Freedom To Choose
The Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose (, ), formerly known as the Whisky Party (, ), is a Classical liberalism, classical-liberal Finland, Finnish political party, founded in 2015 and admitted to the register of political parties in 2016. Lassi Kivinen was elected chairman in 2022. The party was de-registered in 2023 after failing to win seats in two consecutive parliamentary elections. It was re-registered in January 2024. Platform The party has a liberal view on alcohol policies, but claims a liberal platform overall. Its platform is to promote individual freedom, entrepreneurship, and decision-making based on scientific research. It opposes the political power of interest groups. It aims to decrease prohibitive restrictions, such as limitations on opening hours of restaurants and strict licensing of taxis. Tax reductions are also a part of its agenda. History The impetus for founding the Liberal Party was a 2014 event dubbed "Whiskeygate" by the media. A beer and spir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1951 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1951.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 Background Urho Kekkonen of the Agrarian League had served as Prime Minister since March 1950, after losing the February 1950 presidential election to President Juho Kusti Paasikivi. Kekkonen had governed first with the Swedish People's Party and National Progressive Party, but in January 1951 the Social Democratic Party had joined his government. The rationing of goods was ending gradually and the war reparation payments to the Soviet Union were to be completed by 1952. Prime Minister Kekkonen sought to reduce inflation by persuading the employers' organizations and labour unions to refrain from wage increases for the time being. In May 1951, these organizations agreed not to raise wages or prices for five months. During this "castle peace" or civic peace, the Social Democrats took most leadership positions in the Central Or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1948. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 Background The political atmosphere during the July 1948 Finnish parliamentary elections was heated. Many Finns across the party lines believed that the communists and the Finnish People's Democratic League had pursued their goal of making Finland a solidly left-wing country too vigorously. They had even held the prime ministership since March 1946, with Mauno Pekkala serving in that position. They had organized many mass meetings, demanded the dismissal of "reactionary" (especially right-wing) civil servants and claimed that the Finnish government had to adopt even a friendlier relationship with the Soviet Union. They had vigorously supported the imprisonment of eight former top politicians, including former president Risto Ryti, for "war guilt" (making decisions that resulted in the Continuation War of 1941 to 1944 between Finland, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 17 and 18 March 1945. The broad-based centre-left government of Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi ( National Coalition/Independent) remained in office after the elections. Background The communists could, for the first time since 1929, freely present their candidates. Through the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), they were able to win over a large section of Social Democratic voters. The Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) had been banned by the time of the election. Prime Minister Paasikivi urged in February 1945 Finnish voters to elect "new faces" to Parliament, which they certainly did: almost half of the 200 deputies were new. Some wartime deputies, including Social Democrat Väinö Tanner and Agrarian Viljami Kalliokoski, decided voluntarily not to seek re-election, because under the new political climate (Finland's desire to establish friendly relations with the Soviet Union), their wartime political activities, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1939. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 Following the elections, the National Progressive Party-led government of Aimo Cajander continued in office. However, he was replaced by Risto Ryti's Progressive-led war government in December 1939. Background The leading issues were the distribution of the growing prosperity's benefits, the prospects for the centre-left coalition government's continuation, the right-wing opposition's criticism of the government's numerous and allegedly poorly prepared legislative proposals, and the Finnish national security under the threat of World War II. Prime Minister Cajander opposed the notable increase of defence spending before the elections, because that would require raising taxes. Finance Minister Väinö Tanner and Governor of the Bank of Finland, Risto Ryti, opposed the taking of a foreign loan to buy modern military equipment for the Finni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1936.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 Following the election Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party was defeated in a confidence vote in September 1936 and resigned in October. Kyösti Kallio of the Agrarian League formed a centrist minority government after Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (National Coalition Party) refused to allow the Social Democrats to join the government. After Svinhufvud's defeat in the February 1937 presidential election, Kallio took office as the new President in March 1937, and he allowed the Social Democrats, Agrarians and Progressives to form the first centre-left or "red soil" ("red" for the Social Democrats and "soil" for the Agrarians) Finnish government. Aimo Cajander (Progressive) became Prime Minister, although the real strong men of the government were Finance Minister Väinö Tanner (Social Democrat) and Def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1933 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between 1 and 3 July 1933.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in Parliament with 78 of the 200 seats. However, Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party continued in office after the elections, supported by Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and quietly by most Agrarians and Social Democrats. They considered Kivimäki's right-wing government a lesser evil than political instability (various short-lived governments) or an attempt by the radical right to gain power. Voter turnout was 62.2%. Background The main campaign issues were the differing attitudes towards democracy and the rule of law between the Patriotic Electoral Alliance ( National Coalitioners and Patriotic People's Movement) and the Legality Front (Social Democrats, Agrarians, Swedish People's Party and Progressives). The Patriotic Electoral Alliance fav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 October 1930.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest in Parliament with 66 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 65.9%. Background The 1930 elections were conducted in a politically heated atmosphere. The far-right Lapua Movement, which had been organized in November 1929, pressured the government to outlaw the Communist Party and its cover organizations, such as the Workers' and Small Farmers' Electoral Associations, as treasonous organizations. Prime Minister Kallio tried to persuade the Parliament to outlaw the Communists' political activity in June 1930, but the proposed constitutional amendment did not gain the five-sixths majority required for an immediate amendment of the Constitution. Thus the constitutional changes would have to be ratified by the next Parliament. Kallio resigned, partly pressured to do so by Presiden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1929 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1929.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 The result was a victory for the Agrarian League, which won 60 of the 200 seats in Parliament. Voter turnout was 55.6%. Background President Relander, an Agrarian, believed that the Finnish civil servants should get a pay raise, after a long period of frozen salaries, that had caused them to lose a significant amount of purchasing power. Most of his fellow Agrarians opposed him and the Progressive minority government of Prime Minister Mantere on this issue, arguing that the civil servants, on average, were still clearly better paid than the agricultural workers. After the Finnish Parliament rejected the government's legislative proposal on the increase of civil servants' salaries in April 1929, President Relander dissolved Parliament and called early elections for July. The Agrarians and Communists campaigned on the rejection o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1927 Finnish Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1927.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 Although the Social Democratic Party remained the largest in Parliament with 60 of the 200 seats, Juho Sunila of the Agrarian League formed an Agrarian minority government in December 1927. It remained intact until December 1928. Voter turnout was 55.8%.Nohlen & Stöver, p614 Background Finland was governed during the 1927 election by a Social Democratic minority government led by Väinö Tanner. President Lauri Kristian Relander, an Agrarian, had supported the establishment of that minority government, after the Agrarian Prime Minister Kyösti Kallio's first government had been defeated in a vote of confidence in November 1926. He had advised Tanner to prepare a liberal and moderate government programme, which the Agrarians and Progressives could support. In April 1927 President Relander caught a cold which developed into a life- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
