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Naphthylmetrazine
Naphthylmetrazine (code name PAL-704), also known as 3-methyl-2-(2′-naphthyl)morpholine, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) and monoamine reuptake inhibitor (MRI) of the phenylmorpholine and naphthylaminopropane families related to phenmetrazine. It is a analogue of phenmetrazine in which the phenyl ring has been replaced with a naphthalene ring. The drug acts as a hybrid norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI). Its values for induction of monoamine release are 111nM for dopamine, 203nM for norepinephrine, and inactive for serotonin in rat brain synaptosomes, whereas its for serotonin reuptake inhibition is 105nM. Hence, it is about equipotent in inducing dopamine release and inhibiting serotonin reuptake and is about 2-fold more potent in these actions than in inducing norepinephrine release. In terms of chemical structure, naphthylmetrazine is to phenmetrazine as naphthylisopropylamine (PAL-287) is to amphetamine. Other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Phenylmorpholine
Substituted phenylmorpholines, or substituted phenmetrazines alternatively, are chemical derivatives of 2-phenylmorpholine or of the psychostimulant drug phenmetrazine. Most such compounds act as Monoamine releasing agent, releasers of monoamine neurotransmitters, and have stimulant effects. Some also act as agonists at serotonin receptors, and compounds with an N-propyl substitution act as dopamine receptor agonists. A number of derivatives from this class have been investigated for medical applications, such as for use as anorectics or medications for the treatment of ADHD. Some compounds have also become subject to illicit use as designer drugs. List of phenylmorpholines Additional phenylmorpholines and their activities as monoamine releasing agents (MRAs) have been described. See also * Substituted amphetamine * Substituted benzofuran * Substituted cathinone * Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine * List of aminorex analogues * List of methylphenidate analogues * Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Naphthylaminopropane
The substituted naphthylethylamines are a class of chemical compounds based on naphthalene. Many naphthylethylamines are naphthylaminopropanes (also known as naphthylisopropylamines) due to the presence of a methyl group at the alpha carbon of the alkyl chain. The naphthylethylamines are derivatives of the phenethylamines, while the naphthylaminopropanes are derivatives of the amphetamines. There are two types of naphthylethylamines based on positional isomerism: 1-naphthylethylamines and 2-naphthylethylamines. Examples of these include 1-naphthylaminopropane (1-NAP) and 2-naphthylaminopropane (2-NAP), respectively. List of substituted naphthylethylamines The substituted napthylethylamines include the following compounds: Additional naphthylethylamines include 4-NEMD, centanafadine (EB-1020), nafimidone, naphazoline, and xaliproden (SR-57746). Some synthetic cannabinoids such as THJ-018 and THJ-2201 are also naphthylethylamines. Related compounds Some related compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthylisopropylamine
Naphthylaminopropane (NAP; code name PAL-287), also known as naphthylisopropylamine (NIPA), is an research chemical, experimental drug of the substituted amphetamine, amphetamine and substituted naphthylaminopropane, naphthylaminopropane families that was under investigation for the treatment of ethanol, alcohol and stimulant drug addiction, addiction. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Activities Naphthylaminopropane is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its values for induction of monoamine releasing agent, monoamine release are 3.4nM for serotonin, 11.1nM for norepinephrine, and 12.6nM for dopamine. The drug is also an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B receptor, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C, 5-HT2C receptors. Its values are 466nM at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 40nM at the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 2.3nM at the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. It is a full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors and a weak partial agonist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthylmorpholine
Naphthylmorpholine (code name PAL-678), also known as 2-(2′-naphthyl)morpholine, is a monoamine releasing agent of the arylmorpholine and naphthylethylamine families. It is the derivative of 2-phenylmorpholine with a 2-naphthalene ring instead of a phenyl ring. Naphthylmorpholine is a close analogue of naphthylmetrazine (PAL-704; a naphthalene analogue of phenmetrazine), but lacks naphthylmetrazine's methyl group at the 3 position of the morpholine ring. The drug is a potent monoamine releasing agent. Its values for induction of monoamine release have not been reported, but it released 92% of serotonin, 88% of norepinephrine, and 79% of dopamine at a concentration of 10,000nM in rat brain synaptosome A synaptosome is an isolated synaptic terminal from a neuron. Synaptosomes are obtained by mild homogenization of nervous tissue under isotonic conditions and subsequent fractionation using differential and density gradient centrifugation. Liquid ...s. Hence, it appears to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMAPN
2-Naphthylmethcathinone (BMAPN), also known as βk-methamnetamine, is a stimulant drug of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It inhibits dopamine reuptake and has rewarding and reinforcing properties in animal studies. It is banned under drug analogue legislation in a number of jurisdictions. The drug was at one point marketed under the name NRG-3, although only a minority of samples of substances sold under this name have been found to actually contain BMAPN, with most such samples containing mixtures of other cathinone derivatives. See also * 1-Naphthylmethcathinone (AMAPN) * βk-Ephenidine * Methamnetamine * Methylnaphthidate * Methylone * Naphyrone Naphyrone, also known as O-2482 and naphthylpyrovalerone, is a stimulant drug of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It was derived from pyrovalerone and acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). ... * WF-23 References {{DEFAULTSORT:Naphthylmethcathin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methamnetamine
Methamnetamine (also known as methylnaphetamine, MNA, MNT, MNAP, PAL-1046, and MY-10) is a triple monoamine releasing agent of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families. It is the ''N''-methyl analog of the non-neurotoxic experimental drug naphthylaminopropane and the naphthalene analog of methamphetamine. It has been sold online as a designer drug. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Methamnetamine acts as a releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, with EC50 values of 13 nM, 34 nM, and 10 nM, respectively. Society and culture Legal status Methamnetamine is illegal in Japan. See also * 2-MAPB * 5-MAPBT * BMAPN * Naphthylaminopropane * Ethylnaphthylaminopropane * Naphthylpropylaminopentane * HDEP-28 * HDMP-28 * Naphyrone Naphyrone, also known as O-2482 and naphthylpyrovalerone, is a stimulant drug of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It was derived from pyrovalerone and acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethylnaphthylaminopropane
Ethylnaphthylaminopropane (ENAP; developmental code name PAL-1045) is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families that is related to naphthylaminopropane (NAP; PAL-287) and methamnetamine (MNAP; PAL-1046). It acts specifically as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). However, ENAP is unusual in being a partial releaser of serotonin and dopamine and a full releaser of norepinephrine. The () values of ENAP in terms of monoamine release induction are 12nM (66%) for serotonin, 46nM (78%) for dopamine, and 137nM (94%) for norepinephrine in rat brain synaptosomes. In contrast to NAP and MNAP, which produce clearly dose-dependent increases in locomotor stimulation and brain monoamine levels in rodents, ENAP has been found to show attenuated monoamine elevations and a "flat" dose–response curve. Relatedly, it may have less misuse liability than other drugs like amphetamine, although more research is necessar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a chemical class, class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substitution reaction, substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, Empathogen-entactogen, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted Derivative (chemistry), derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of ''Ephedra (genus), Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norepinephrine–dopamine Releasing Agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the synapse, release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Many of these are amphetamine type stimulants. Examples Examples of NDRAs include phenethylamine, tyramine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, levoamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, cathine, cathinone, methcathinone, phentermine, phenmetrazine, aminorex, and benzylpiperazine. Amphetamine type stimulants Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) are a group of synthetic drugs that are chemical derivatives of the parent compound alpha-methylphenethylamine, also known as amphetamine. Common ATS includes amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA). ATS when used illicitly has street names including ice, meth, cry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylnaphthidate
HDMP-28 or methylnaphthidate is a stimulant drug of the piperidine and naphthylaminopropane groups, closely related to methylphenidate (Ritalin), but with the benzene ring replaced by naphthalene. It is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with several times the potency of methylphenidate and a short duration of action, and is a structural isomer of another potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, N,O-Dimethyl-4-(2-naphthyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate. It has been sold as a designer drug since around 2015. Most of the TMP analogs of HDMP-28 have SERT Ki values in the range >10,000 and so are selective for dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake, with little or no effect on serotonin. HDMP-28 has high affinity to SERT, and so behaves as a triple reuptake inhibitor. D.R. is the discrimination ratio = HA ÷ HFT. A low D.R. indicates more addictive, whereas a high D.R. indicates low propensity for self-administration. Legality HDMP-28 is illegal in Switzerland as of Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
