Máj (literary Almanac)
Máj was a Czech literature, Czech literary almanac published (in 1858, 1859, 1860 and 1862) by a group of authors centred around Jan Neruda and Vítězslav Hálek. Background After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, revolution of 1848 and its suppression, the cultural life of Czech people was weakened by the absolutism of the Austrian Empire's Bach system, Bach government and also because a lot of intellectuals died. These included Ján Kollár, František Ladislav Čelakovský, Josef Kajetán Tyl, and Karel Havlíček Borovský. In 1853 two important masterpieces of Czech literature were published that avoided reflecting the political situation – ''Babička (The Grandmother)'' by Božena Němcová and ''Kytice'' by Karel Jaromír Erben. Ladislav Quis: Několik slov doslovem, Almanach Máj reprint, Prague 1909 The first manifestation of the new generation of authors appeared in the literary almanac ''Lada Nióla'' published by Josef Václav Frič in 1856, which was ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Almanach Máj
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and other tabular data often arranged according to the calendar. Celestial figures and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the rising and setting times of the Sun and Moon, dates of eclipses, hours of high and low tides, and religious festivals. The set of events noted in an almanac may be tailored for a specific group of readers, such as farmers, sailors, or astronomers. Name The etymology of the word is unclear. The earliest documented use of the word in something like its current sense is in Latin in 1267. Roger Bacon used it to mean a set of tables detailing movements of heavenly bodies including the Moon. It has been suggested that the word ''almanac'' derives from a Greek word meaning ''calendar''. However, that word appea ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Karel Hynek Mácha
Karel Hynek Mácha () (16 November 1810 – 5 November 1836) was a Czechs, Czech Romanticism, romantic poet. His poem ''Máj'' is among the most important poems in the history of Czech literature. Biography Mácha was born on 16 November 1810 in Prague. He grew up in Prague, the son of a foreman at a mill. He learned Latin and German in school. He went on to study law at Charles University in Prague, Prague University; during that time he also became involved in theatre (as an actor he first appeared in Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek, Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek's play ''Czech and German'' in July 1832 in Benešov), where he met Eleonora Šomková, with whom he had a son out of wedlock. He was fond of travel, enjoying trips into the mountains, and was an avid walker. Eventually he moved to Litoměřice, a quiet town some 60 km from Prague, to prepare for law school exams and to write poetry. Three days before he was to be married to Šomková, just a few weeks after he had begun work ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Adolf Heyduk
Adolf Heyduk (6 June 1835 – 6 February 1923) was a distinguished Czech poet and writer, a representative of the May School. He is best known internationally because of his poem cycle ''Gypsy Melodies'' that were set to music by Antonín Dvořák. The most widely performed is the poignant and tender '' Songs My Mother Taught Me'' with its hauntingly exquisite setting, included in the repertoire of many instrumentalists and vocalists. Life Born in Rychmburk (today Předhradí). In 1850 he began his studies at Ječná Gymnasium in Prague from which he graduated in 1854. At his parents' request, he studied engineering in Brno for a year and then transferred to Prague Polytechnic. At this time he met poet Jan Neruda, with whom he established a close friendship. Heyduk finished his studies in 1859, became a teacher at a gymnasium. In 1860 he moved to Písek to teach drawing and engineering at local college. He was charmed by the small town and quickly became a native. In 1876 he ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Gustav Pfleger Moravský
Gustav Pfleger Moravský (27 July 1833, Bystřice nad Pernštejnem – 20 September 1875, Prague) was a Czech novelist, poet and dramatist. He is generally associated with the Májovci, but was not actually a member of that group. Life and work His father, Matyáš Pfleger, was the district forester. Gustav Pfleger Moravský spent his childhood and attended school in various places throughout Moravia, including Kojetín and Na Skalách near Lhota. In 1843, when his father died, his mother, Johanna Pflegerová, née Hendrichová, took the family to Prague. There, he initially attended a German-language school, operated by the Carmelites, but had difficulty with German and was held back a year. After switching to a public grammar school, his German improved, until he began speaking it more freely than Czech. This changed again, during the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, when he became more aware of his Czech nationality. By 1851, he had transferred to a Czech-language ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Májovci
The ''Májovci'' ("''May'' School") were a significant group of Czech novelists and poets of the second half of the 19th century, who were inspired by the work of Karel Hynek Mácha, Karel Havlíček Borovský and Karel Jaromír Erben. After the fall of Metternich's absolutism in the Revolution of 1848, there appeared on the scene a young generation preoccupied with urban life and contemporary social problems, and determined to reintroduce Czech as a literary language. Politically they promoted the cause of liberty, democracy, and social justice, fighting the reactionary Bach government and making efforts to improve the status of the Czech nation within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first yearbook of the group was published in 1858. Named ''Máj'' ("May") after Mácha's great poem, it included contributions by Jan Neruda and Vítězslav Hálek, as well as Adolf Heyduk, Rudolf Mayer, Karolina Světlá, Jakub Arbes, Karel Sabina, Josef Václav Frič and Gustav Pfleger Moravs ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Písek
Písek (; ) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 31,000 inhabitants. The town is known for the oldest bridge in the country. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Písek is a centre of education with a number of important schools. Up to the last decades of 19th century, Písek was the centre of the large autonomous Prácheňsko region. Administrative division Písek consists of nine municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Budějovické Předměstí (18,219) *Hradiště (2,016) *Pražské Předměstí (5,577) *Václavské Předměstí (1,589) *Vnitřní Město (1,036) *Nový Dvůr (110) *Purkratice (47) *Semice (425) *Smrkovice (590) The urban core is formed by Budějovické Předměstí, Hradiště, Pražské Předměstí, Václavské Předměstí and Vnitřní Město, Etymology The name of Písek literally means 'sand' in Czech. It refers to the sand of th ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Ignác Jan Hanuš
Ignác Jan Hanuš or, in German, Ignaz Johann Hanusch (28 October 1812, in Prague – 19 May 1869, in Prague) was a Czech philosopher and librarian. Life and work He studied at the grammar school in Old Town (Prague), Staré Město, where one of his teachers was Josef Jungmann. This encounter created an interest in philosophy, which he studied at Charles University, graduating in 1831. Jiří Černý, Jan Holeš; ''Kdo je kdo v dějinách české lingvistky'', Libri, 2008 In order to have more time for contemplation, he entered the Order of the Premonstratensians at Strahov Monastery. This experience failed to meet his expectations, so he left to study law at the University of Vienna.Milan Kudělka, Zdeněk Šimeček, Radoslav Večerka; ''Česka slavistika: V prvním období svého vývoje do počátku 60. let 19. století'', Vol.1, Historický ústav, 1995 After 1835, he worked there as an adjunct professor, adjunct. A year later, he received his doctorate and became a full ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Valdštejn Castle
Valdštejn Castle (, ) is an early Gothic fortress near Turnov, in the Czech Republic. It can be found in the cliff dwelling city of Hruboskalsko, in the Bohemian Paradise (Český ráj). The city was built on three sandstone cliffs in the second half of the thirteenth century by Counts of the Waldstein family. After 1420 the castle was occupied by the Hussites, then later by robber barons. In 1621 the abandoned castle was bought back by the Waldsteins, whose most illustrious member was Albrecht von Wallenstein. During the peak of the Baroque period, they built a pilgrimage church, dedicated to John of Nepomuk John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (; ; ) ( 1345 – 20 March 1393) was a saint of Bohemia (a western part of what is now the Czech Republic) who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Later accounts st ..., in 1722 on the ruins of the castle. See also * List of castles in the Czech Republic * Rotštejn Castle Gallery Image ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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John The Baptist
John the Baptist ( – ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christianity, Christian traditions, and as the prophet Yahya ibn Zakariya in Islam. He is sometimes referred to as John the Baptiser. John is mentioned by the History of the Jews in the Roman Empire, Roman Jewish historian Josephus, and he is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, the Druze faith, and Mandaeism; in the last of these he is considered to be the final and most vital prophet. He is considered to be a prophet of God in Abrahamic religions, God by all of the aforementioned faiths, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian denominations. According to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself; in the Gospels, he is portrayed as the precursor or forerunn ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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John Of Nepomuk
John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (; ; ) ( 1345 – 20 March 1393) was a saint of Bohemia (a western part of what is now the Czech Republic) who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Later accounts state that he was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional. On the basis of this account, John of Nepomuk is considered the first martyr of the Seal of the Confessional and the Catholic Church, Seal of the Confessional, a patron against defamation, calumnies and, because of the manner of his death, a protector from floods and drowning. Basic biographical information Jan z Pomuku came from the small market town of ''Pomuk'' (later renamed Nepomuk) in Bohemia, now in the Czech Republic, which belonged to the nearby Cistercian abbey. Born in the 1340s, his father was called ''Velflín,'' while his mother is unknown. His father's name was probably derived from the German name ''Wolfgang''. Ja ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its Prague metropolitan area, metropolitan area is home to approximately 2.3 million people. Prague is a historical city with Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, Czech Gothic architecture, Gothic, Czech Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Czech Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austria-Hungary. The city played major roles in the Bohemian Reformation, Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history a ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Máj
''Máj'' (Czech language, Czech for the month ''May''; ; usually ''květen'') is a Romantic poetry, romantic poem by Karel Hynek Mácha in four cantos. It was fiercely criticized when first published, but since then has gained the status of one of the most prominent works of Czech literature; in the Czech Republic, the poem is usually on must-read list for students and is said to be one of the most often published original Czech books with over 250 editions. Setting According to the author's epilogue, the poem is a homage to the beauty of spring. It is set in a bucolic landscape, inspired by such features as a lake then called Big Pond (), and now called Lake Mácha (), after the poet. The poem's action takes place near the town of Hiršberg. Castles such as Bezděz Castle, Bezděz, Karlštejn, and Křivoklát, Rakovník, Křivoklát (Mácha was an avid walker and knew Central Bohemian Region, Central Bohemia intimately) also influence the setting of the poem.Marcela Sulak, "Intro ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |