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Mwika
Mwika or Kingdom of Mwika also sometimes referred to as Mwika Vunjo (''Isarile la Mwika'' in Kivunjo), (''Ufalme wa Mwika'' in Swahili) was the area of Vunjo in Moshi Rural District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania that was formerly sovereign Chagga state. Overview Situated on the eastern border of Vunjo (with Kirua on the western border), the outlying Kingdom of Mwika has a unique history as its so short lived. Mangi Marealle of Marangu, who lived at the end of the 19th century, had an influence on Mwika's history. Originally, Mwika was made up of four older chiefdoms: Kondeni and Kimangaro on the lower slopes of the mountain and Msae and Maringa on the top slopes. Maringa and Kimangaro were located on the east, closer to the Kishingonyi hills that divided Mwika from Kingdom of Rombo, while Msae and Kondeni were located on the west, closer to the Mamba kingdom. Particularly in Msae, the western regions of the kingdom had had a larger settlement density. Mwika's oldest cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirua
Kirua or Kingdom of Kirua also sometimes referred to as Kirua Vunjo (''Isarile la Kirua'' in Kivunjo), (''Ufalme wa Kirua'' in Swahili) was a former sovereign Chagga state located the region of Vunjo in Moshi Rural District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Kirua was situated on Mount Kilimanjaro to the west of the Nanga River to the Mue River to the east. All Vunjo peoples including the Kirua speak one of the seven Chagga dialects Central Kilimanjaro language called Kivunjo. Overview Kirua, during the childhood of Mangi Rongoma of Kilema, comprised three distinct chiefdoms. Over the course of the 19th century, these kingdoms experienced periods of reunification and disintegration, primarily due to external raids targeting cattle and slaves. In an effort to escape the incursions led by Mangi Orombo, many Kilema inhabitants fled to the Kombo and Lyamungo regions near the Weru Weru River in Machame. Despite being a relatively weak kingdom, Kirua was notable for its wealth in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagga States
The Chagga States or Chagga Kingdoms also historically referred to as the Chaggaland (''Uchaggani'', in Swahili language, Swahili) were a pre-colonial series of Bantu peoples, Bantu Sovereign state, sovereign states of the Chagga people on Mount Kilimanjaro in modern-day northern Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The Chagga kingdoms existed as far back as the 17th century according to oral tradition, a lot of recorded history of the Chagga states was written with the arrival and Colonisation of Africa, colonial occupation of Europeans in the mid to late 19th century. On the mountain, many minor dialects of one language are divided into three main groupings that are defined geographically from west to east: West Kilimanjaro, East Kilimanjaro, and Rombo. One word they all have in common is ''Mangi'', meaning king in Kichagga. The British called them chiefs as they were deemed subjects to the British crown, thereby rendered unequal. After the conquest, substantial social disruption, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moshi Rural District
Moshi is one of the seven administrative districts of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The district covers an area of . The District is bordered to the north by the Rombo District, to the west by the Hai District, to the east by the Mwanga District and Kenya, and to the south by Simanjiro District of Manyara Region. The district also surrounds Moshi Municipal District on three sides. According to the 2012 census, the population of the Moshi District was 466,737. By 2022, the population had grown to 535,803. Administrative subdivisions Wards The Moshi District is administratively divided into 31 wards: * Arusha Chini * Kahe * Kahe Mashariki * Kibosho Kati * Kibosho Magharibi * Kibosho Mashariki * Kilema Kaskazini * Kilema Kati * Kilema Kusini * Kimochi * Kindi * Kirima * Kirua Vunjo Kusini * Kirua Vunjo Magharibi * Kirua Vunjo Mashariki * Mamba Kaskazini * Mamba Kusini * Marangu Magharibi * Marangu Mashariki * Mabogini * Makuyuni * Mbokomu * Mwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Kilimanjaro Language
Central Kilimanjaro, or Central Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people. There are several dialects: * Moshi (Old Moshi, Mochi, ''Kimochi'') * Uru * Mbokomu * Wuunjo (Wunjo, Vunjo, ''Kivunjo''), including Kiruwa, Kilema, Mamba, Moramu (Marangu), Mwika Moshi is the language of the Chaga cultural capital, Moshi, and the prestige dialect of the Chaga languages Chaga, also ''Kichaga'' or ''Kichagga'', is a Bantu dialect continuum spoken by the Chaga people of northern Tanzania, south of Mount Kilimanjaro Mount Kilimanjaro () is a dormant volcano in Tanzania. It is the highest mountain in Africa .... Phonology Vowels Consonants * Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, l/ become palatalized as ʲ, ᵑɡʲ, lʲwhen occurring before front vowels /i, e/. * /w/ is heard as a fricative ²when before front vowels /i, e/. * Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, É£, l/ become palatalized as ʲ, ᵑɡʲ, ɣʲ, lʲwhen occurring before front vowels /i, e/. * /l/ when palatalized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kibosho
Kibosho or Kingdom of Kibosho also sometimes referred to as Old Kibosho (''Isarile la Kibosho'' in Kikibosho), (''Ufalme wa Kibosho'' in Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga state located in modern-day Kibosho ward in Moshi Rural District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Kibosho was situated on Mount Kilimanjaro to the west of the Karanga River. The word ''Mangi'' means king in the Chagga languages. Kibosho country's inhabitants spoke Kikibosho, one of seven dialects of the Chagga language groups' West Kilimanjaro language. Overview All of Kibosho Kingdom was situated in the Karanga river basin, which is situated between the Rau and Weru rivers. This area was the first to be inhabited and has long been the kingdom's main core. The oldest clans and important settlements, Kirima Chini and Kirima Juu, which became well-known outside of Kilimanjaro in the early 19th century, are located in this hilly region, which is typified by at least thirteen rivers, including the Umb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Gold Mark
The German mark ( ; sign: ℳ︁) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (â‚°); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871 to 1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark () due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. History The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation. The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver. A larger currency convention i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kikuyu People
The Kikuyu (also ''Agĩkũyũ/Gĩkũyũ'') are a Bantu peoples, Bantu ethnic group native to Central Province (Kenya), Central Kenya. At a population of 8,148,668 as of 2019, they account for 17.13% of the total population of Kenya, making them Kenya's largest ethnic group. The term ''Kikuyu'' is the Swahili language, Swahili borrowing of the Endonym and exonym, autonym () History Origin The Kikuyu belong to the Northeast Bantu languages, Northeastern Bantu branch. Their language is most closely related to that of the Embu people, Embu and Mbeere people, Mbeere. Geographically, they are concentrated in the vicinity of Mount Kenya. The exact place that the Northeast Bantu speakers migrated from after the initial Bantu expansion is uncertain. Some authorities suggest that the Kikuyu arrived in their present Mount Kenya area of habitation from earlier settlements further to the north and east,Joseph Bindloss, Tom Parkinson, Matt Fletcher, ''Lonely Planet Kenya'', (Lonely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pare Mountains
The Pare Mountains (''Milima ya Upare'' in Swahili) are a mountain range in northeastern Tanzania, located north of the Usambara Mountains. The mountains are administratively located in the Kilimanjaro Region, specifically in the Mwanga District and Same District. The North and South Pare mountain ranges reach a height of 2,464 meters at Shengena Peak. They are separated into North Pare Mountains and South Pare Mountains and are part of the Eastern Arc of mountains. The mountains are named after the indigenous Pare people who reside there. Bird species in the Pare mountains include the endemic South Pare white-eye (''Zosterops winifredae''), the mountain buzzard (''Buteo oreophilus''), olive woodpecker The olive woodpecker (''Dendropicos griseocephalus'') is a species of bird in the woodpecker family Picidae. Taxonomy The olive woodpecker was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his ''Histoire Nat ... (''Mesopicos griseoceph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugweno
Ugweno (or ''Vughonu'' to its inhabitants) is located within the Mwanga District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, Africa. It is situated at 3° 39' 0" South and 37° 39' 0" East in the Pare Mountains. The people who live in Ugweno are known as Wagweno (or ''Vaghonu'' to its inhabitants) and their common language is Kigweno (or ''Kighonu'' to its inhabitants). History The original inhabitants of this area are the Shana clan (or clan of blacksmiths). Even the name ''Ugweno'' is derived from a popular Shana ruler, known as Mghonu, who ruled somewhere between the 13th and 15th century. A precise date is hard to establish given the great Shana disruption when they were deposed of their rule. During his rule, the area was known as the Mountains of Mghonu as far afield as the Taita Hills, Taita region in Kenya. When the Suya clan migrated to the region, ambushing and wiping out almost all of the Shana clan, the origins of the name ''Ugweno'' were either less known or purposely forgotten b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cattle
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus '' Bos''. Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers. Cattle are commonly raised for meat, for dairy products, and for leather. As draft animals, they pull carts and farm implements. Cattle are considered sacred animals within Hinduism, and it is illegal to kill them in some Indian states. Small breeds such as the miniature Zebu are kept as pets. Taurine cattle are widely distributed across Europe and temperate areas of Asia, the Americas, and Australia. Zebus are found mainly in India and tropical areas of Asia, America, and Australia. Sanga cattle are found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. These types, sometime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taita People
The Taita people are an ethnic group in Kenya's Taita-Taveta County. They speak Kidawida or Kitaita, which belongs to the Bantu language family. The West-Bantu migrated to the Taita-Taveta County around 1000-1300.N. Vogt & J. Wiesenhütter: Land use and socio-economic structure of Taita-Taveta County (S-Kenya) – Potentials and constraints (October 2000) There is debate about whether the Taita people migrated to Kenya through Tanzania. They settled in Kenya in five groups, each occupying different areas in the present-day Taita-Taveta District. During their settlement, the Taita-speaking people interacted with other tribes such as the Taveta, Pare of Tanzania, and Maasai. However, evidence suggests that migration occurred interchangeably throughout the history of these groups, and the Taita people should be considered part of the larger population inhabiting the Kilimanjaro Corridor. The Taita subgroup or subtribes include the Wadawida, who traditionally lived around Dawi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereign
''Sovereign'' is a title that can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French , which is ultimately derived from the Latin">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... , which is ultimately derived from the Latin , meaning 'above'. The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch, ruler or head of state to head of municipal government or head of a chivalric order. As a result, the word ''sovereignty'' has more recently also come to mean independence or autonomy. Head of state The word ''sovereign'' is frequently used synonymously with monarch. There are numerous titles in a monarchical rule which can belong to the sovereign. The sovereign is the autonomous head of the state. Examples of the various titles in modern sovereign leaders are: In some settings the use of the words ''Sovereign lady'' (sometimes with a capital ''L'' in ''lady'') have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
