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Kibosho
Kibosho or Kingdom of Kibosho also sometimes referred to as Old Kibosho (''Isarile la Kibosho'' in Kikibosho), (''Ufalme wa Kibosho'' in Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga state located in modern-day Kibosho ward in Moshi Rural District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Kibosho was situated on Mount Kilimanjaro to the west of the Karanga River. The word ''Mangi'' means king in the Chagga languages. Kibosho country's inhabitants spoke Kikibosho, one of seven dialects of the Chagga language groups' West Kilimanjaro language. Overview All of Kibosho Kingdom was situated in the Karanga river basin, which is situated between the Rau and Weru rivers. This area was the first to be inhabited and has long been the kingdom's main core. The oldest clans and important settlements, Kirima Chini and Kirima Juu, which became well-known outside of Kilimanjaro in the early 19th century, are located in this hilly region, which is typified by at least thirteen rivers, including the Umb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagga States
The Chagga States or Chagga Kingdoms also historically referred to as the Chaggaland (''Uchaggani'', in Swahili language, Swahili) were a pre-colonial series of Bantu peoples, Bantu Sovereign state, sovereign states of the Chagga people on Mount Kilimanjaro in modern-day northern Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The Chagga kingdoms existed as far back as the 17th century according to oral tradition, a lot of recorded history of the Chagga states was written with the arrival and Colonisation of Africa, colonial occupation of Europeans in the mid to late 19th century. On the mountain, many minor dialects of one language are divided into three main groupings that are defined geographically from west to east: West Kilimanjaro, East Kilimanjaro, and Rombo. One word they all have in common is ''Mangi'', meaning king in Kichagga. The British called them chiefs as they were deemed subjects to the British crown, thereby rendered unequal. After the conquest, substantial social disruption, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machame
Machame or Kingdom of Machame (''Isarile ya Mashame'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Ufalme wa Machame'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga states, Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Historically, the Machame kingdom was in 1889 referred by Hans Meyer (geographer), Hans Meyer as a great African giant, the kingdom was also the largest and most populous of all the Chagga sovereign states on Mount Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro, whose most powerful ruler ''Mangi'' Rengua as early as 1849 was reckoned as a giant African king with influence extending throughout all Chaga people, Chagga states except Rombo. Overview The Machame Kingdom, located within the Kikafu River basin on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, is a historically significant region characterized by its rich cultural heritage and agricultural fertility. This kingdom is distinguished by its unique traditions, customs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moshi Rural District
Moshi is one of the seven administrative districts of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. The district covers an area of . The District is bordered to the north by the Rombo District, to the west by the Hai District, to the east by the Mwanga District and Kenya, and to the south by Simanjiro District of Manyara Region. The district also surrounds Moshi Municipal District on three sides. According to the 2012 census, the population of the Moshi District was 466,737. By 2022, the population had grown to 535,803. Administrative subdivisions Wards The Moshi District is administratively divided into 31 wards: * Arusha Chini * Kahe * Kahe Mashariki * Kibosho Kati * Kibosho Magharibi * Kibosho Mashariki * Kilema Kaskazini * Kilema Kati * Kilema Kusini * Kimochi * Kindi * Kirima * Kirua Vunjo Kusini * Kirua Vunjo Magharibi * Kirua Vunjo Mashariki * Mamba Kaskazini * Mamba Kusini * Marangu Magharibi * Marangu Mashariki * Mabogini * Makuyuni * Mbokomu * Mwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kibosho Kati
Kibosho Kati is a town and ward in the Moshi Rural district of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t .... Its population according to the 2012 census was 10,258. References {{- Wards of Kilimanjaro Region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Kilimanjaro Language
West Kilimanjaro, or West Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people. There are several dialects: * Rwa (Rwo, Meru, ''Kirwo''), or Meru, from Mount Meru Mount Meru (Sanskrit/Pali: मेरु)—also known as Sumeru, Sineru or Mahāmeru—is a sacred, five-peaked mountain present within Hindu, Jain and Buddhist cosmologies, revered as the centre of all physical, metaphysical and spiritua ... * Mashami (''Kimashame''), or "Hai" (''Kihai'') * Siha * Kiwoso (Kibosho including Kindi, Kombo, Mweka) * Masama * Ng’uni Phonology Vowels Consonants * may also be heard as uvular in free variation. * can also be realized as or among some speakers. * is found in loanwords. * only rarely occurs. References Languages of Tanzania Chaga languages {{Bantu-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Gold Mark
The German mark ( ; sign: ℳ︁) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (₰); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871 to 1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark () due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. History The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation. The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver. A larger currency convention i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banana Plantation
A banana plantation is a commercial agricultural facility found in tropical climates where bananas are grown. Geographic distribution Banana plants may grow with varying degrees of success in diverse climatic conditions, but commercial banana plantations are primarily found in equatorial regions, in banana exporting countries. The four leading banana export countries worldwide are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, and Colombia. Ecuador provides more than 33% of global banana exports. In 2004, banana producing countries totaled 130. Production, as well as exports and imports of bananas, are nonetheless concentrated in a few equatorial countries. 75% of total banana production in 2004 was generated in 10 countries. India, Ecuador, Brazil and China produced half of total bananas. Latin American and Caribbean countries led banana production up to the 1980s, and Asian nations took the lead in banana production during the 1990s. African production levels have remained mostly unchanged. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blacksmith
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, grilles, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils, and weapons. There was a historical distinction between the heavy work of the blacksmith and the more delicate operations of a whitesmith, who usually worked in Goldsmith, gold, Silversmith, silver, pewter, or the finishing steps of fine steel. The place where a blacksmith works is variously called a smithy, a forge, or a blacksmith's shop. While there are many professions who work with metal, such as farriers, wheelwrights, and Armourer, armorers, in former times the blacksmith had a general knowledge of how to make and repair many things, from the most complex of weapons and armor to simple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irrigated
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around the world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during times of below-average rainfall. In addition to these uses, irrigation is also employed to protect crops from frost, suppress weed growth in grain fields, and prevent soil consolidation. It is also used to cool livestock, reduce dust, dispose of sewage, and support mining operations. Drainage, which involves the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given location, is often studied in conjunction with irrigation. There are several methods of irrigation that differ in how water is supplied to plants. Surface irrigation, also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Le Roy
Alexandre-Louis-Victor-Aimé Le Roy, C.S.Sp. (19 January 1854 – 21 April 1938) was a French-born archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit. He served as Vicar Apostolic of Gabon (now the Archdiocese of Libreville) from 1892 until 1896. He was later consecrated Titular Archbishop of Caria in 1921. Life Alexandre Le Roy was born on 19 January 1854 in Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron, France, the son of Norman farmers. Le Roy received a secondary education at the Abbaye Blanche in Mortain. He went on to study philosophy at the Seminary of the Diocese of Coutances. On 10 August 1876, at the age of 22, he was ordained a priest of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit. After his ordination, he worked as an educator in the Collège Saint-Denis in Réunion, the Collège de Cellule, France and Pondicherry, India. Le Roy first traveled to Africa in 1881—he accompanied an expedition to Bagamoyo, Tanzania, scouting for potent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weru Weru River
Weru Weru River(''Mto Weru Weru'' in Swahili) is found in northern Tanzania, in the Kilimanjaro Region. It rises in the Moshi District's Machame Mashariki ward and empties into the Pangani River. The Weru Weru River, like the Kikafu River, is significant to the history of the Chagga in the Machame Machame or Kingdom of Machame (''Isarile ya Mashame'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga; ''Ufalme wa Machame'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga states, Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai Dist ... kingdom.Burnett, G. F. “The Effects of Irrigation, Cultivation and Some Insecticides on the Soil Arthropods of an East African Dry Grassland.” Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 5, no. 1, 1968, pp. 141–56. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2401279. Accessed 9 May 2023. References Rivers of Tanzania {{Kilimanjaro-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro () is a dormant volcano in Tanzania. It is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain above sea level in the world, at above sea level and above its plateau base. It is also the highest volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere and the fourth most topographically prominent peak on Earth. Kilimanjaro's southern and eastern slopes served as the home of the Chagga Kingdoms until their abolition in 1963 by Julius Nyerere. The origin and meaning of the name Kilimanjaro is unknown, but may mean "mountain of greatness" or "unclimbable". Although described in classical sources, German missionary Johannes Rebmann is credited as the first European to report the mountain's existence, in 1848. After several European attempts, Hans Meyer reached Kilimanjaro's highest summit in 1889. The mountain was incorporated into Kilimanjaro National Park in 1973. As one of the Seven Summits, Kilimanjaro is a major hiking and climbing destination. There a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
