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Mozaffarid
The Muzaffarid dynasty () was a Muslim dynasty that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century. At their zenith, they ruled a kingdom comprising Iranian Azerbaijan, Central Persia, and Persian Iraq. The Muzaffarids were known for their support of Arabic literature. Shah Shoja was a poet and wrote in both Arabic and Persian and was said to be capable of memorizing eight verses of Arabic poetry after hearing them read once. While the Muzaffarid ruler of Kirman, Shah Yahya, commissioned the scholar Junyad bin Mahmud Al-Umari to compile an anthology of Arabic poetry and prose for him Rise to power The Muzaffarids have been described as an Arab, Iranian, and Persian dynasty. They stayed in Khorasan up until the Mongol invasion of that province, at which point they fled to Yazd. Serving under the Il-Khans, they gained prominence when Sharaf al-Din Muzaffar was made governor of Maibud. He was tasked with crushing the robber-bands that were roamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meybod
Meybod () is a city in the Central District of Meybod County, Yazd province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Meybod is a major desert city and the second most populous city in the province. History Meybod is an ancient city that traces its origins to the pre-Islamic era and, hence, is the home to many ancient points of interests. The Historical City of Meybod is part of the Tentative List, in order to qualify for inclusion in the World Heritage List. It was the capital of Iran during the period of the Mozaffarids. The Mozaffarid kingdom originated from Meybod where the first king, Mubariz al-Din Muhammad, was born. One of the oldest castles in Iran is Narin ghaleh in Meybod, which dates back to the Achaemenid and Sassanid periods. Chaparkhaneh and Karvansaraye Abbasi are some other examples of the historical buildings from Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Shoja Mozaffari
Shah Shoja (), was the ruler of the Mozaffarids from 1358 to 1384. He was the son and successor of Mubariz al-Din Muhammad. During the lengthy reign of Shah Shoja, his kingdom reached its zenith of power, stretching from Balochistan to Arran. Early life Shah Shoja was born on 10 March 1333—he was the son of the Muzaffarid ruler Mubariz al-Din Muhammad and a woman named Khatun Qotlogh Beg, better known as Makhdum Shah, daughter of the Mongol ruler Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan. After Mubariz al-Din Muhammad's conquest of Kerman in 1341, he organized a marriage between Shah Shoja and the daughter of one of the tribal Mongol chieftains who roamed the region. Shah Shoja later prevented his father from having the tomb of the prominent Persian poet Saadi Shirazi demolished, whom Mubariz al-Din Muhammad had condemned for his poems on religious factors. In 1358, Shah Shoja blinded and imprisoned his cruel father, and thus succeeded him as the ruler of the Muzaffarid dynasty. Reign Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Sheykh Abu Esshagh
Abu Ishaq Inju, or Abū Esḥāq (1321-58, ) was the last Injuid ruler from 1343 to 1357. He was the youngest of four sons of Šaraf-al-dīn Maḥmūd Shah b. Moḥammad Īnǰū, who had been the governor of Fars Province, Fārs for the last Mongol Il-khan, Sultan Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, Abu Sa'id, until the latter's death in 1335. Background Following Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, Ilkhanid power desintegrated. An intense seven-year conflict (1335-1342) erupted for the control of southern Iran, between the Chupanids from Tabriz, the Jalayirids of Baghdad, the Muzaffarids (Iran), Muzaffarids of Yazd and the Inju family. The father of Abu Ishaq Inju and all his elder brothers were killed in the conflict. The Chupanid Amir Pir Husayn Chubani, whose nominal ruler was the new Il-Khan Suleiman Khan, gained suzerainty over Fārs and Isfahan. Isfahan was administered by an Ilkhanid Governor in the person of Sultanshah Jandar. Meanwhile, Shiraz was being held by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mubariz Al-Din Muhammad
Mubariz al-Din Muhammad (; 1301–1363), was the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, ruling from 1314 to 1358. He was born to a family of Arab origin, which settled in Khurasan during the Islamic conquest. His mother however was probably Mongol. He was the son of Sharaf al-Din Muzaffar, a servant of the Ilkhanids and on his father's death in 1314 Mubariz inherited his father's offices. Mubariz al-Din lived at the court of Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü until the latter's death. After Öljaitü's death, Mubariz al-Din left for Maibud, and in 1319, he captured Yazd from Hajji Shah ibn Yusuf Shah, the Atabeg of Yazd, thus putting an end to the Atabeg rule over Yazd. Sometime later, the people of Sistan rebelled against the Ilkhanids, and Mubariz al-Din was ordered to subdue the province, which he did. However, the people of Sistan shortly rebelled, and Mubariz al-Din was once again to forced to fight them; he reportedly fought the rebels in 21 battles until the province was finally subd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mansur (Muzaffarid)
Shah Mansur was the last of the Muzaffarid rulers of Southern Iran. He ruled from Isfahan and was killed by the forces of Timur in 29 March 1393.TÜRKLER ANSİKLOPEDİSİ CİLT 8 Life Mansur was the brother of Shah Yahya and Shah Hosein. His uncle was Shah Shoja, with whom he fought against in battle. With support from the Jalayirid Sultanate, Mansur established himself as an independent ruler in Shushtar. Mansur's grave is located in the eastern part of Shiraz, in an area known as ''Gowd-e-Shahzadeh'' (Prince Mansur's Tomb). References Sources *Jackson, Peter. "Muzaffarids." '' Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VII (Mif-Naz).'' New ed. 1993. *M. Ismail Marcinkowski, ''Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth'', member of the British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerman
Kerman (; ) is a city in the Central District (Kerman County), Central District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. History Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Veh-Ardashir, by Ardashir I, founder of the Sasanian Empire, in the 3rd century AD. After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. At first, the city's relative isolation allowed Kharijites and Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrians to thrive there, but the Kharijites were wiped out in 698, and the population was mostly Muslim by 725. Already in the eighth century the city was famous for its manufacture of cashmere wool shawls and other textiles. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority Anarchy at Samarra, over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid dynasty, Buyid emirs. The region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazni in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kartid
The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids (), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin, closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capital at Herat and central Khorasan in the Bamyan, they were at first subordinates of ''Sultan Abul-Fateh'' Ghiyāṣ-ud-din Muhammad bin Sām, Sultan of the Ghurid Empire, to whom they were related,M.J. Gohari, ''Taliban: Ascent to Power'', (Oxford University Press, 2000), 4. and then as vassal princes within the Mongol Empire.C.E. Bosworth, ''The New Islamic Dynasties'', (Columbia University Press, 1996), 263. Upon the fragmentation of the Ilkhanate in 1335, Mu'izz-uddin Husayn ibn Ghiyath-uddin worked to expand his principality. The death of Husayn b. Ghiyath-uddin in 1370 and the invasion of Timur in 1381, ended the Kart dynasty's ambitions. Vassals of the Ghurid dynasty The Karts trace their lineage to a Tajuddin Uthman Marghini, whose brother, 'Izzuddin Um ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herat
Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safēd Kōh'') in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country. An ancient civilization on the Silk Road between West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, it serves as a regional hub in the country's west. Herat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex. During the Middle Ages, Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the ''Pearl of Khorasan''. After its conquest by Tamerlane, the city became an important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world. Under the rule of Shah Rukh, the city served as the focal point of the Timurid Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bam, Iran
Bam () is a city in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The modern city surrounds the ancient citadel which has a history dating back to around 2,000 years ago. The citadel is a popular tourist attraction and a world heritage site. Before the 2003 earthquake, the official population count of the city was roughly 43,000. History The ancient citadel of Arg-e Bam has a history dating back to the Parthian Empire (248 BC–224 AD), but most buildings were built during the Safavid dynasty. There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel. Economically and commercially, Bam occupied a very important place in the region and was famous for its textiles and clothes. Ibn Hawqal (943–977), an Arab traveller and geographer, wrote of Bam in his book ''Surat-ul-'Ard'' (''The Earth-figure''): :''Over there they weave excellent, beautiful and long-lasting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz (; ) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, which has been historically known as Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th–11th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalayirids Chubanids Muzaffarids In 1353
The Jalayirid Sultanate () was a dynasty of Mongol Jalayir origin, which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.Bayne Fisher, William. ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', p. 3: "From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalayirids could claim Mongol lineage" It lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkoman. After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalayirids were finally eliminated by the Qara Qoyunlu in 1432. The Jalayirids were Mongol and Turkicized and Turkic-speaking. They are credited with bolstering the Turkic presence in Arabic-speaking Iraq so much so that Turkic became the second-most-spoken language after Arabic. The Jalayirids were also culturally Persianate, and their era marks an import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Injuids
The Injuids (also Injus or House of Inju) were an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkhanate until their defeat in 1357 against the Muzaffarids. Before the breakup of the Ilkhanate The Injuids gained control of parts of Iran, mostly Fars, in 1304 at the beginning of the reign of the Ilkhan Öljeitü. The Ilkhan had given Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah control of the ''injü'' (or ''inji''; the Mongol word for the royal estates). Before progressively gaining independence, the "Injuids" had been appointed initially by Öljeitü as "margrave", or local governors, for the area of Fars. Sharaf al-Din was reportedly descended from ' Abd-Allah Ansari, an 11th-century mystic of Herat. His son, Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau, assisted another family, the Muzaffarids, in their takeover of Yazd. By 1325 Sharaf al-Din had gained n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
