Abu Ishaq Inju, or Abū Esḥāq (1321-58, ) was the last

Injuid The Injuids (also Injus or House of Inju) were an Iranian peoples, Iranian dynasty of Persians, Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers followin ...

ruler from 1343 to 1357. He was the youngest of four sons of Šaraf-al-dīn Maḥmūd Shah b. Moḥammad Īnǰū, who had been the governor of

Fārs Fars Province or Pars Province, also known as Persis or Farsistan (فارسستان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz. Pars province has an area of 122,400 km2 and is located in Iran's southwest, i ...

for the last Mongol Il-khan, Sultan

Abu Sa'id Abu or ABU may refer to: Aviation * Airman Battle Uniform, a utility uniform of the United States Air Force * IATA airport code for A. A. Bere Tallo Airport in Atambua, Province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia People * Abu (Arabic term), a kun ...

, until the latter's death in 1335.

Background

Following

's death in 1335, Ilkhanid power desintegrated. An intense seven-year conflict (1335-1342) erupted for the control of southern Iran, between the

Chupanids The Chobanids or the Chupanids () were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. At first serving under the Ilkhans, they took '' de facto'' control of the territory after the fall of the I ...

from

Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...

, the

Jalayirids The Jalayirid Sultanate () was a dynasty of Mongol Jalayir origin, which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.Bayne Fisher, William. ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', p. 3: "From then until ...

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

, the Muzaffarids of

Yazd Yazd (; ) is a city in the Central District of Yazd County, Yazd province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. At the 2016 census, its population was 529,673. Since 2017, the historical city of Yazd is rec ...

and the Inju family. The father of Abu Ishaq Inju and all his elder brothers were killed in the conflict. The

Chupanid The Chobanids or the Chupanids () were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. At first serving under the Ilkhans, they took '' de facto'' control of the territory after the fall of the Il ...

Amir Pir Husayn Chubani, whose nominal ruler was the new Il-Khan

Suleiman Khan Suleiman Khan () was a Chobanids, Chobanid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate during the breakdown of central authority in Persia. Life His birth name was Ilyas and he was descended from the great-grandson of the Ilkhan Hülegü Khan, Hüleg ...

, gained suzerainty over Fārs and Isfahan. Isfahan was administered by an Ilkhanid Governor in the person of Sultanshah Jandar. Meanwhile, Shiraz was being held by the

Injuids The Injuids (also Injus or House of Inju) were an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkh ...

Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau (1336–1338/9) and Amir Jalal al-Din Mas'ud Shah.

Governor of Isfahan and Shiraz (1341-1342)

Pir Husayn Chubani captured the city of

Shiraz Shiraz (; ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the popu ...

in 1340, which the assistance of Mohammad Mozaffar, whom he rewarded with the Governorship the region of

Kerman Kerman (; ) is a city in the Central District (Kerman County), Central District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. History Kerman was founded as a def ...

. Pīr Ḥosayn installed the young Abū Esḥāq as the new Governor of

Isfahan Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city ...

in 742 (1341-1342), in replacement of Sultanshah Jandar, as a buffer against the Mozaffarids. Abū Esḥāq governed the city Ispahan for less then 2 years.

Independent ruler (1343-1557)

Abū Esḥāq finally conspired against Pir Husayn Chubani, and allied with the Chubanid

Malek Ashraf Malek Ashraf (), (–1357) was a Chupanid ruler of northwestern Iran during the 14th century. He was the last of the Chupanids to possess a significant influence within Ilkhanate. His regnal name was Giyas al-Din Shah Malek Ashraf (). Early year ...

, defeating Pir Husayn Chubani at Isfahan in 1342. Pir Husayn Chubani fled to

, where he was assassinated by the Chubanid ruler

Hasan Kuchak Hasan Kuchak or Ḥasan-i Kūchik (; 1319 – 15 December 1343) was a Chupanid prince during the 14th century. He is credited with setting up a nearly independent Chupanid state in Iran during the struggles taking place in the aftermath of the ...

. After the assassination of Pir Husayn Chubani in 1342, Abu Esḥāq Inju established his capital in

, repulsing a final Chubanid contender,

Yagi Basti Yagi Basti (d. c. 1344) was a member of the Chobanid family and the ruler of Shiraz for a part of 1343. He was the son of Amir Chupan by his second wife. Career Like most of the other Chobanids, Yagi Basti threw his support behind his nephew Ha ...

. The death of the Chubanid ruler

in 1343 put an end to Chubanid ambitions in the region. Abū Esḥāq then held sole power in Shiraz, Isfahan, and Lorestān for about twelve years, from 1343 to 1356. Abu Ishaq Inju issued coinage in his name in Isfahan in 1349-1350. Abū Esḥāq repeatedly attacked his eastern neighbour, the Muzaffarid Mohammad Mozaffar between 1345 and 1352, possibly with the intention of reclaiming the Kerman region, which had been governed by his father. Abu Ishaq Inju was finally supplanted by Amir

Mubariz al-Din Muhammad Mubariz al-Din Muhammad (; 1301–1363), was the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, ruling from 1314 to 1358. He was born to a family of Arab origin, which settled in Khurasan during the Islamic conquest. His mother however was probably Mongol. ...

in 1356, when the latter managed to counter-attack and capture

. Abū Esḥāq fled to Isfahan, but was captured in 758/1357 by Mubariz al-Din Muhammad and executed. These events put an end to the dynasty of the Injuids in 1357.

Shiraz under Abu Ishaq Inju

During the reign of Abu Ishaq Inju the city of

flourished, consisting of prominent figures such as

Hafez (), known by his pen name Hafez ( or 'the keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, “Ḥāfeẓ” designates someoone who has learned the Qurʾān by heart" also known by his nickname Lisan al-Ghaib ('the tongue of the unseen'), was a Persian lyri ...

Khwaju Kermani Khwaju Kermani (; December 1290 – 1349) was a famous Persian poet and Sufi mystic from Iran. Life He was born in Kerman, Iran on 24 December 1290. His nickname Khwaju is a diminutive of the Persian word ''Khwaja'' which he uses as his poeti ...

and

Ubayd Zakani Khwajeh Nizam al-Din Ubayd Allah al-Zakani (; d. 1370), better known as Ubayd Zakani (), was a Persian poet of the Mongol era, regarded as one of the best satirists in Persian literature. His most famous work is '' Mush-o Gorbeh'' ("Mouse and Cat" ...

. In

, Abu Ishaq reportedly had a building constructed that reflected the

Sasanian The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ...

palace

Taq-e Kasra Tāq Kasrā (), also transcribed as ''Taq-i Kisra'' or ''Taq-e Kesra'' (, romanized: ''tâğe kasrâ'') or Ayvān-e Kesrā (, meaning Iwan of Khosrow) are the remains of a Sasanian-era Persian monument, dated to c. the 3rd to 6th centuries, whic ...

Ctesiphon Ctesiphon ( ; , ''Tyspwn'' or ''Tysfwn''; ; , ; Thomas A. Carlson et al., “Ctesiphon — ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified July 28, 2014, http://syriaca.org/place/58.) was an ancient city in modern Iraq, on the eastern ba ...

. However, the construction was never finished and no remains of the building stand today.

References

Sources

* * * * * * * {{s-end 14th-century monarchs in the Middle East 1358 deaths People from the Injuid kingdom 14th-century Iranian people