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Monroe Creek Formation
The Monroe Creek Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period. Fossil content Mammals Carnivorans Eulipotyphlans Rodents Ungulates Reptiles Squamates See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Dakota This article contains a list of fossil-bearing stratigraphic units in the state of South Dakota, U.S. Sites See also * Paleontology in South Dakota References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Dakota South Dak ... * Paleontology in South Dakota References * Paleogene geology of South Dakota Paleogene geology of Nebraska Paleogene geology of Wyoming {{Paleogene-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammacyon
''Mammacyon'' is an extinct genus of medium-sized bear dogs endemic to North America during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages: the Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages. The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma to 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). It was p .... It lived from 26.3 to 20.4 Ma, existing for approximately . References Bear dogs Miocene bear dogs Oligocene caniforms Burdigalian genus extinctions Prehistoric mammals of North America Oligocene genus first appearances Prehistoric carnivoran genera {{paleo-carnivora-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proscalops
''Proscalops'' is an extinct genus of insect-eating mammal. Formerly placed in the defunct order Insectivora, it is now placed with the Eulipotyphla. The first and most numerous ''Proscalops'' fossils were found in the Sharps Formation of South Dakota, near Wounded Knee. Other samples have been found in the Brule Formation of South Dakota, the Deep River Formation of Montana, and in Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the sou .... References Prehistoric Eulipotyphla Extinct mammals of North America Oligocene mammals Fossil taxa described in 1901 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-eulipotyphla-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulipotyphla
Eulipotyphla (, which means "truly fat and blind") is an order of mammals suggested by molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, which includes the laurasiatherian members of the now-invalid polyphyletic order Lipotyphla, but not the afrotherian members (tenrecs, golden moles, and otter shrews, now in their own order Afrosoricida). Eulipotyphla comprises the hedgehogs and gymnures (family Erinaceidae, formerly also the order Erinaceomorpha), solenodons (family Solenodontidae), the desmans, moles, and shrew-like moles (family Talpidae) and true shrews (family Soricidae). True shrews, talpids and solenodons were formerly grouped in Soricomorpha; however, Soricomorpha has been found to be paraphyletic, since erinaceids are the sister group of shrews, and they are more closely linked to the Carnivora order; (such as cats, dogs, bears, skunks, badgers, etc.). It is the sister clade of Scrotifera; together, they make up Laurasiatheria. Classification * Order Eulipoty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (; from Latin ''mustela'', weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora. They comprise about 66 to 70 species in nine subfamilies. Variety Mustelids vary greatly in size and behaviour. The smaller variants of the least weasel can be under in length, while the giant otter of Amazonian South America can measure up to and sea otters can exceed in weight. Wolverines can crush bones as thick as the femur of a moose to get at the marrow, and have been seen attempting to drive bears away from their kills. The sea otter uses rocks to break open shellfish to eat. Martens are largely arboreal, while European badgers dig extensive tunnel networks, called setts. Only one mustelid has been domesticated; the ferret. Tayra are also kept as pets (although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promartes
''Promartes'' is a genus of mustelids, now extinct, which existed during the Miocene period. Taxonomy The genus was first described in 1942, by E. S. Riggs, who identified the sister genus '' Zodiolestes'' at the same time, and assigned to the family Mustelidae The Mustelidae (; from Latin ''mustela'', weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family .... It belongs to the subfamily Oligobuninae. Five species have been identified in the genus: ''Promartes darbyi'', ''P. gemmarosae'', ''P. lepidus'', ''P. olcotti'', and''P. vantasselensis'', three of which were originally identified as members of '' Oligobunis''.Riggs (1942) Notes References * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q7249679 Prehistoric mustelids Miocene mustelids Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric carnivoran genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to '' Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canidae
Canidae (; from Latin, ''canis'', "dog") is a family (biology), biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). There are three subfamily, subfamilies found within the canid family, which are the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae, and the extant Caninae. The Caninae are known as canines, and include Dog, domestic dogs, Wolf, wolves, Coyote, coyotes, foxes, jackals and other extant and extinct species. Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied Human, human beings over extended periods of time. Canids vary in size from the gray wolf to the fennec fox. The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctoidea
Arctoidea is a clade of mostly carnivorous mammals which include the extinct Hemicyonidae (dog-bears), and the extant Musteloidea (weasels, raccoons, skunks, red pandas), Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions), and Ursidae (bears), found in all continents from the Eocene, , to the present. The oldest group of the clade is the bears, as their CMAH gene is still intact. The gene became non-functional in the common ancestor of the Mustelida (the musteloids and pinnipeds). Arctoids are caniforms, along with dogs (canids) and extinct bear dogs (Amphicyonidae). The earliest caniforms were superficially similar to martens, which are tree-dwelling mustelids. Together with feliforms, caniforms comprise the order Carnivora; sometimes Arctoidea can be considered a separate suborder from Caniformia and a sister taxon to Feliformia. Systematics Arctoidea was named by Flower (1869). It was reranked as the unranked clade Arctoidea by Hunt (2001), Hunt (2002) and Hunt (2002); it was reranked as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nothocyon
''Nothocyon'' ("spurious dog") is an extinct genus of carnivoran in the family Subparictidae which inhabited North America during the late Oligocene. At one time, many species of the dog family Canidae were placed in ''Nothocyon'', but new fossils showed that the type species of ''Nothocyon'', ''N. geismarianus'', is more closely related to bears. The other species have been reassigned to other genera such as ''Cormocyon''. Taxonomy & Evolution The species ''Canis geismarianus'' was originally described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878, based on a jaw fragment with a single m1 that came from the John Day Formation in Oregon. The specific epithet ''geismarianus'' was given in honor of the naturalist Jacob Geismar. He assigned further material to the species and reassigned it to the genus '' Galecynus'' in 1881, and described yet more material in 1883, which became the focus in studies on the species. In 1884, Cope re-illustrated most of the material assigned to ''N. geismarianus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimravus
''Nimravus'' is an extinct genus of "false" saber-toothed cat in the family Nimravidae, that was endemic to North America during the Oligocene epoch 33.3—26.3 mya, existing for approximately . Not closely related to true saber-toothed cats, they evolved a similar form through parallel evolution. Fossils have been uncovered in the western U.S. from Oregon to southern California and Nebraska. Description ''Nimravus'' was around in body length. With its sleek body, it may have resembled the modern caracal, although it had a longer back and more dog-like feet with partially retractile claws. It probably hunted birds and small mammals, ambushing them like modern cats, rather than chasing them down. ''Nimravus'' competed with other false sabre-tooths such as ''Hoplophoneus''. Pathology A ''Nimravus'' skull, found in North America, had been pierced in the forehead region, the hole exactly matching the dimensions of the sabre-like canine of ''Eusmilus ''Eusmilus'' ('tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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