|
Nothocyon
''Nothocyon'' ("spurious dog") is an extinct genus of carnivoran in the family Subparictidae which inhabited North America during the late Oligocene. At one time, many species of the dog family Canidae were placed in ''Nothocyon'', but new fossils showed that the type species of ''Nothocyon'', ''N. geismarianus'', is more closely related to bears. The other species have been reassigned to other genera such as ''Cormocyon''. Taxonomy & Evolution The species ''Canis geismarianus'' was originally described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878, based on a jaw fragment with a single m1 that came from the John Day Formation in Oregon. The specific epithet ''geismarianus'' was given in honor of the naturalist Jacob Geismar. He assigned further material to the species and reassigned it to the genus '' Galecynus'' in 1881, and described yet more material in 1883, which became the focus in studies on the species. In 1884, Cope re-illustrated most of the material assigned to ''N. geismarianus'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subparictidae
Subparictidae is an extinct family of early Paleogene arctoid carnivorans endemic to North America that closely related to bears. They were small, raccoon-like mammals that lived from the Eocene to the early Miocene. This family includes a handful of genera such as '' Subparictis'', '' Parictis'', ''Nothocyon'', and '' Eoarctos''. Characteristics Unlike other early caniforms, subparictids had simple molars and surrounding or at least partial cingulums. Systematics Subparictidae was originally described in 1996 to contain the genera ''Subparictis'', ''Nothocyon'', and ''Parictis''. At the time, it was suggested to be a sister-family to Ursidae. Other authors have placed ''Parictis'' and ''Subparictis'' in the Amphicynodontidae. A fourth genus, ''Eoarctos'', was described in 2023 and the paper supports a sister grouping of subparictids and ursids. Below is the phylogeny recovered by Wang et al. (2023): Paleobiology The subparictids were endemic to North America. Fossils have be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene was coined in 1854 by the German paleontologist Heinrich Ernst Beyrich from his studies of marine beds in Belgium and Germany. The name comes from Ancient Greek (''olígos'') 'few' and (''kainós'') 'new', and refers to the sparsity of Neontology, extant forms of Mollusca, molluscs. The Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene Period. The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between the archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern ecosystems of the Miocene. Major chang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynodictis
''Cynodictis'' ("slender dog marten") is an extinct amphicyonid carnivoran which inhabited Eurasia from the Late Eocene subepoch to the Early Oligocene subepoch living from 37.2 to 28.4 million years ago, existing for approximately . Anatomy ''Cynodictis'' had a long muzzle and a low-slung body. It had carnassial teeth for slicing chunks of meat off carcasses. It was about 30 cm at the shoulder. The species ''C. lacustris'' was a fox-like animal that weighed approximately 10 kg. Fossil distribution Fossil specimens have been found in the Lushi Formation of Mengjiapo, China, in Weisserburg, Germany and Les Saleres in the Ager Basin of Spain, the Bembridge Limestone and Bembridge Marls Formations of the Isle of Wight, Great Britain as well as the Perrière and Quercy Phosphorites Formations and La Débruge in France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligocene Caniforms
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene was coined in 1854 by the German paleontologist Heinrich Ernst Beyrich from his studies of marine beds in Belgium and Germany. The name comes from Ancient Greek (''olígos'') 'few' and (''kainós'') 'new', and refers to the sparsity of Neontology, extant forms of Mollusca, molluscs. The Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene Period. The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between the archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern ecosystems of the Miocene. Major chang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemingfordian
The Hemingfordian on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 20,600,000 to 16,300,000 years BP. It is usually considered to overlap the latest Aquitanian and Burdigalian of the Early Miocene. The Hemingfordian is preceded by the Arikareean and followed by the Barstovian NALMA stages. The Hemingfordian can be further divided into the substages of: *Late/Upper Hemingfordian: Lower boundary source: base of Burdigalian The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age (geology), age or stage (stratigraphy), stage in the early Miocene. It spans the time between 20.43 ± 0.05 annum, Ma and 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). Preceded by the Aquitanian (sta ... (approximate). *Early/Lower Hemingfordian (shares lower boundary) References Miocene geochronology Miocene North America {{geochronology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arikareean
The Arikareean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 30,600,000 to 20,800,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Oligocene and Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ... epochs. The Arikareean is preceded by the Whitneyan and followed by the Hemingfordian NALMA stages. The Arikareean can be further divided into the substages of: *late Late Arikareean: Lower boundary source, base of Geringian (approximate) *early Late Arikareean: base of Geringian (approximate). Upper boundary source: base of Hemingfordian (approximate). *late Early Arikareean: Lower boundary source of base of Geringian (approximate). Upp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptocyon
The genus ''Leptocyon'' (Greek: ''leptos'' slender + ''cyon'' dog) includes 11 species and was the first canine. They were small and weighed around . They first appeared in North America around 34 million years ago in the Oligocene, at the same time as the Borophaginae, with whom they share features, indicating that these were two sister groups. Borophaginae skull and dentition were designed for a powerful killing bite compared with the Leptocyon which were designed for snatching small, fast-moving prey. The species ''L. delicatus'' is the smallest canid to have existed. At the close of their genus 9 million years ago one ''Leptocyon'' lineage resembled the modern fox. ''Leptocyon'' were small-bodied, fox-like animals with a long, narrow jaw and delicate teeth. They were probably omnivorous, feeding on small animals and fruit in a diet that remained relatively unchanged during the Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmocyon
''Desmocyon'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, 24.8—16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is a rarely found genus, with fossil deposits only occurring in western Nebraska, Wyoming, New Mexico and north Florida. It is regarded as a primitive, transitional member of the Borophagini Borophagini is a clade or tribe of the subfamily Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of terrestrial canids that were endemic and widespread throughout North America and Central America which lived during the Geringian stage of the Oligocene ... tribe. References zipcodezoo.com*''The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids'' by David W. Macdonald and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri; page 42 Borophagines Miocene canids Pliocene extinctions Prehistoric carnivorans of North America Prehistoric carnivoran genera {{canid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlaocyon
''Phlaocyon'' (from Greek ''phlao'', "eat greedily" and ''cyon'', "dog") is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lives from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene epoch 33.3–16.3 Mya, existing for approximately . It is closely related to '' Cynarctoides''. Phylogeny When discovered in the 19th century and during the following decades, ''Phlaocyon'' was thought to be ancestral to raccoons because of shared convergent adaptations toward hypocarnivorous dentitions, but was the first to discover the canid nature of the middle ear region in ''P. leucosteus'' and ''Phlaocyon'' in now believed to be part of very diverse clade of hypocarnivorous canids, the Phlaocyonini, and only distantly related to raccoons. '' P. mariae'' and '' P. yatkolai'', both known from isolated teeth and fragmentary material, are the largest and most derived species, and both display a tendency away from the hypocarnivorous dentition of the genus and tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynarctoides
''Cynarctoides'' is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Early Oligocene to the Middle Miocene, 33.3—13.6 Mya, existing for approximately . Seven species are currently recognised, all of which are estimated to have weighed no more than . They had an unusual dentition that implies an omnivorous, or possibly even herbivorous, diet. Species *''Cynarctoides acridens'' Barbour & Cook 1914 (syn. ''Cynarctus mustelinus'') - Wyoming, California, New Mexico, Texas, ~20.6—16.3 Ma *''Cynarctoides emryi'' Wang ''et al.'' 1999 - Nebraska ~20.6—16.3 Ma *''Cynarctoides gawnae'' Wang ''et al.'' 1999 - New Mexico ~20.3—5.3 Ma *''Cynarctoides harlowi'' Loomis 1932 - Wyoming ~24.8—20.6 Ma *''Cynarctoides lemur'' Cope 1879 - Oregon, South Dakota, Florida ~24.8—20.6 Ma *''Cynarctoides luskensis'' Wang ''et al.'' 1999 - Wyoming ~24.8—20.6 M *''Cynarctoides roii'' Macdonald 1963 - South Dakota, Nebraska ~30.8—26.3 Ma Fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctoidea
Arctoidea is an Order (biology), infraorder of mostly Carnivore, carnivorous mammals which include the extinct Hemicyoninae, Hemicyonidae (dog-bears), and the extant Musteloidea (weasels, raccoons, skunks, red pandas), Pinniped, Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions), and Bear, Ursidae (bears), found in all continents from the Eocene, , to the present. The oldest group of the clade is the bears, as their CMAH gene is still intact. The gene became non-functional in the common ancestor of the Mustelida (the musteloids and pinnipeds). Arctoids are Caniformia, caniforms, along with dogs (canids) and extinct Bear dog, bear dogs (Amphicyonidae). The earliest caniforms were superficially similar to Marten, martens, which are tree-dwelling Mustelidae, mustelids. Together with Feliformia, feliforms, caniforms compose the order Carnivora; sometimes Arctoidea can be considered a separate suborder from Caniformia and a sister taxon to Feliformia. Systematics Arctoidea was named by Flower (1869). It wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycalopex Vetulus
The hoary fox or hoary zorro (''Lycalopex vetulus''), also known as ''raposinha-do-campo'' in Brazil ( Portuguese for "little fox of the meadow"), is a species of zorro or "false" fox endemic to Brazil. Unlike many other foxes, it feeds primarily on small invertebrates such as insects. Description The hoary fox has a short muzzle, small teeth, a short coat, and slender limbs. The upper part of the body is grey, and the underside of the body is cream or fawn. The tail is black on the tip with a marked dark stripe along the upper surface, which in male animals may extend all the way along the back to the nape of the neck. The ears and outside part of the legs are reddish or tawny, and the lower jaw is black. Some melanistic individuals have also been reported. It is small for a fox, weighing only , with a head and body length of , and a tail . Together with its slender form, the small size of the hoary fox makes it an agile and fast-running animal, while its relatively weak teeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
