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Monika Schnitzer
Monika Schnitzer (born September 9, 1961 in Mannheim) is a German economist and chair of comparative economic research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She was the president of the ''Verein für Socialpolitik'' from 2015 to 2016 and is the chairwoman of the German Council of Economic Experts since 2022. Education Schnitzer graduated with a diploma in economics from the University of Cologne in 1986. She went on to further study at the University of Bonn and received her doctorate (Ph.D.) in 1991. She was granted a habilitation at the same university in 1995. Career The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich appointed Schnitzer to her current position in 1996. In addition to her academic work, Schmitzer advised the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy and the European Commission from 2011 to 2020. From 2011 to 2019, she served as deputy chair of the Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (EFI). She is a fellow of the European Economic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mannheim
Mannheim (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (), is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, second-largest city in Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, the States of Germany, state capital, and Germany's List of cities in Germany by population, 21st-largest city, with a population of over 315,000. It is located at the border with Rhineland-Palatinate. The city is the cultural and economic centre of the Rhine-Neckar, Germany's Metropolitan regions in Germany, seventh-largest metropolitan region, with nearly 2.4 million inhabitants. Mannheim is located at the confluence of the Upper Rhine and the Neckar in the Kurpfalz (region), Kurpfalz (Electoral Palatinate) region of northwestern Baden-Württemberg. The city lies in the Upper Rhine Plain, Germany's warmest region, between the Palatine Forest and the Oden Forest. Mannheim forms a continuous urban zone of around 500,000 inhabitants with Ludwigshafen am Rhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Balanced Budget Amendment
Germany's balanced budget amendment, also referred to as the debt brake ('), is a fiscal rule enacted in 2009 by the First Merkel cabinet. The law, which is in Article 109, paragraph 3 and Article 115 of the Basic Law, Germany's constitution, is designed to restrict structural budget deficits at the federal level and limit the issuance of government debt. The rule restricts annual structural deficits to 0.35% of GDP. The debt brake is controversial among economists. It is supported by a German strand of economics, ordoliberalism, while other economists have challenged the rule. In 2024, amid a stagnating German economy, Bundesbank president Joachim Nagel called on the German government to reform the debt brake in order to finance structural investments in the German economy. The debt brake has been amended twice since enactment, in 2022 and in 2025, both under the Scholz cabinet in the 21st Bundestag and both for the purpose of significantly increasing defense spending. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarian Order Of Merit
The Bavarian Order of Merit () is the Order of Merit of the Free State of Bavaria. It is awarded by the Minister-President of Bavaria as a "recognition of outstanding contributions to the Free State of Bavaria and the Bavarian people". The order was instituted by law on 11 June 1957. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet can nominate awardees. Hemmerle, a German jewellery house based in Munich founded in 1893, is the exclusive maker of the Bavarian Order of Merit since it was instituted in 1957. * Hermann Josef Abs * Ann-Kristin Achleitner * Josef Ackermann (journalist) * Lea Ackermann * Konrad Adenauer * Percy Adlon * Mario Adorf * Josef Afritsch * Heinrich Aigner * Ilse Aigner * Korbinian Aigner * Werner Andreas Albert * Walter Althammer * Paul Althaus * Axel von Ambesser * Tobias Angerer * Willi Ankermüller * Gisela Anton * Evangelos Averoff * Georg Bachmann * Rudolf Bachmann * Friedrich Baethgen * Michael Ballhaus * Klaus Barthel * Władysław Bart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Merit Of The Federal Republic Of Germany
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (, or , BVO) is the highest state decoration, federal decoration of the Federal Republic of Germany. It may be awarded for any field of endeavor. It was created by the first List of presidents of Germany#Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present), President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, on 7 September 1951. Colloquially, the decorations of the different classes of the Order are also known as the Federal Cross of Merit (). It has been awarded to over 262,000 individuals in total, both Germans and foreigners. Since the 1990s, the number of annual awards has declined from over 4,000, first to around 2,500, then from 2015 to under 1,500, with a low of 918 awards in 2022. Since 2013, women have made up a steady 30–35% of recipients. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Economic Review
The ''German Economic Review'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published quarterly by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Verein für Socialpolitik, of which it is the official English language journal. It was re-established in 2000. It was briefly published in the 1970s. The current editors-in-chief are Almut Balleer, Jesus Crespo-Cuaresma, Peter Egger, Mario Larch, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Aderonke Osikominu, Georg Wamser, and Christine Zulehner. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.860, ranking it 275th out of 373 journals in the category "Economics". See also * List of economics journals * List of political science journals This is a list of political science journals presenting representative peer-reviewed academic journals in the field of political science. A *'' Acta Politica'' *'' African Affairs'' *'' American Affairs'' *'' American Journal of Political Scie ... References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsches Museum
The Deutsches Museum (''German Museum'', officially (English: ''German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology'')) in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of science museum, science and technology museum, technology, with about 125,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year. The museum was founded on 28 June 1903, at a meeting of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Association of German Engineers (VDI) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller. It is the largest museum in Munich. For a period of time the museum was also used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who, Jimi Hendrix and Elton John. Museumsinsel The main site of the Deutsches Museum is a small island in the Isar river, which had been used for rafting wood since the Middle Ages. The island did not have any buildings before 1772 because it was regularly flooded prior to the building of the Sylvensteinspeicher. In 1772 the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Planck Institute For Biological Intelligence
The Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (; abbreviated MPI-BI) is a non-university research institute of the Max Planck Society. The institute is dedicated to basic research on topics in behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience. Research at the international institute focuses on how animal organisms acquire, store, apply and pass on knowledge about their environment in order to find ever-new solutions to problems and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Model organisms include Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and various bird species. Structure and History The board of directors manages the institute, with around 500 employees coming from more than 50 nations. One of the institute's directors is taking over as managing director for a specific time. As of February 2024, Manfred Gahr is the managing director of the institute. The MPI-BI emerged in January 2022 from the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology (MPIN) and the Max Planck Institute for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifo Institute For Economic Research
The Ifo Institute for Economic Research is a Munich-based research institution. Ifo is an acronym from Information and Forschung (research). As one of Germany's largest economic think-tanks, it analyses economic policy and is known for its monthly Ifo Business Climate Index for Germany. According to its 2021 report 217 employees work for the organisation. The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung The (; ''FAZ''; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung'' ( ... ranks it as Germany's most influential economics research institute. Ifo Business Climate Index Ifo's Business Climate Index is an early indicator of economic activity released monthly since 1972. The database underlying the index is a monthly survey of 7000 in the construction, manufacturing, wholesale and retail industries. The index is clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zentrum Für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung
ZEW headquarters in Mannheim The ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research in Mannheim is an economic research institute in the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Science Association (WGL). It is headed by President Achim Wambach and Managing Director Claudia von Schuttenbach. According to the RePEc ranking, ZEW is one of the leading European economic research institutes. Currently, ZEW has 189 employees, 115 of whom are scientists (as of December 31, 2023). History ZEW was founded in 1990 and scientific work began on April 1, 1991. The founding directors were Heinz König, Scientific Director, and Ernst-O. Schulze, commercial director. In 2005, the research institute became a member of the Leibniz Association. From 1997 to 2013, Wolfgang Franz was president of ZEW. He was succeeded by Clemens Fuest. Achim Wambach took over as president in April 2016. Structure and Objectives In organizational terms, ZEW is divided into seven research areas: *Pensions and Sustainable Financi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre For Economic Policy Research
The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is an independent, non-partisan, pan-European non-profit organisation. It aims to enhance the quality of policy decisions through providing policy-relevant research, based soundly in economic scholarship, to policymakers, the private sector, and civil society. History CEPR was founded in 1983 by Richard Portes. Economics professor Richard Baldwin (economist), Richard Baldwin served as president from 2014 to 2018, and was Editor-in-Chief as of early 2021. Economics professor and businesswoman Beatrice Weder di Mauro became president in 2018. In October 2021, CEPR opened its new Paris office, intended to become its head office. Weder di Mauro commented that CEPR "is an organisation with a strong European identity and, with Brexit, we felt the need to set ourselves up on the continent." The office is hosted by Sciences Po, which is one of CEPR’s Paris Founding Partners together with AXA, the Bank of France, the Minister of Higher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordoliberalism
Ordoliberalism is the German variant of economic liberalism that emphasizes the need for government to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential. Ordoliberal ideals became the foundation of the creation of the post-World War II German social market economy and its attendant . The term "ordoliberalism" () was coined in 1950 by and refers to the academic journal '' ORDO''. Linguistic differentiation Ordoliberals separate themselves from classical liberals. Notably, , with , founder of ordoliberalism and the Freiburg School, rejected neoliberalism. Ordoliberals promote the concept of the social market economy, which favors a strong role for the state with respect to the market and which is in many ways different from the ideas connected to the term "neoliberalism". The term "neoliberalism" was originally coined in 1938 at the by , who is regarded as an ordoliberal today. Because of the connected history, ordoliberalism is sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Der Spiegel
(, , stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of about 724,000 copies in 2022, it is one of the largest such publications in Europe. It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner, a British army officer, and Rudolf Augstein, a former ''Wehrmacht'' radio operator who was recognized in 2000 by the International Press Institute as one of the fifty World Press Freedom Heroes. is known in German-speaking countries mostly for its investigative journalism. It has played a key role in uncovering many political scandals such as the ''Spiegel'' affair in 1962 and the Flick affair in the 1980s. The news website by the same name was launched in 1994 under the name '' Spiegel Online'' with an independent editorial staff. Today, the content is created by a shared editorial team and the website uses the same media brand as the printed magazine. History The first edition of was published in Hanover on Saturday, 4 Januar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
