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Momordicin I
Momordicin I, or 3,7,23-trihydroxycucurbitan-5,24-dien-19-al, is a chemical compound found in the leaves of the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia''), possibly responsible for its reputed medicinal properties. The compound was isolated and characterized in 1984 by M. Yasuda and others M. Yasuda, M. Iwamoto, H. Okabe, and T. Yamauchi (1984), ''A New Cucurbitane Triterpenoid From Momordica charantia'', Chem. Pharm. Bull. volume 32, issue 6, pages 2044-2049 It is a white crystalline solid with formula , that melts at 125–128 °C.N. M. Puspawati (2008)''Isolation and Identification of Momordicin I from leaves extract of ''Momordica charantia'' L.''. Jurnal Kimia, volume 2, issue 1, pages 53-56 The compound can be extracted from ground dry leaves by dichloromethane. It is insoluble in water and soluble in methanol. A related glycoside, momordicoside, occurs in the unripe fruit.H. Okabe, Y. Miyahara, and T. Yamauci (1982), ''Studies on the Constituents of ''Momordica ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances. In this process, bonds between atoms may be broken and/or new bonds formed. There are four major types of compounds, distinguished by how the constituent atoms are bonded together. Molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds; ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds; intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds; coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Non-stoichiometric compounds form a disputed marginal case. A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, usi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitter Melon
''Momordica charantia'' (commonly called bitter melon; Goya; bitter apple; bitter gourd; bitter squash; balsam-pear; with many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit. Bitter melon originated in Africa where it was a dry-season staple food of ǃKung hunter-gatherers. Wild or semi-domesticated variants spread across Asia in prehistory, and it was likely fully domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely used in the cuisines of East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Alternative names Bitter melon has many names in other languages, which have sometimes entered English as loanwords. Following are a few: Description This herbaceous, tendril-bearing vine grows up to in length. It bears simple, alternate leaves across, with three to seven deeply separated lobes. Each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride, methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula . This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odour is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is slightly polar, and miscible with many organic solvents.Rossberg, M. ''et al.'' (2006) "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . Occurrence Natural sources of dichloromethane include oceanic sources, macroalgae, wetlands, and volcanoes. However, the majority of dichloromethane in the environment is the result of industrial emissions. Production DCM is produced by treating either chloromethane or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. At these temperatures, both methane and chloromethane undergo a series of reactions producing progressively more chlorinated products. In this way, an estimated 400,000 tons were produced in the US, Europe, and Japan in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the formula C H3 O H (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odour similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol). A polar solvent, methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced chiefly by the destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialised chemicals. Occurrence Small amounts of methanol are present in normal, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycoside
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. Several species of '' Heliconius'' butterfly are capable of incorporating these plant compounds as a form of chemical defense against predators. In animals and humans, poisons are often bound to sugar molecules as part of their elimination from the body. In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an '' O-glycoside''), N- (a ''glycosylamine''), S-(a '' thioglycoside''), or C- (a ''C-glycoside'') glycosidic bond. According ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordicoside
Momordicoside is any of several related cucurbitane triterpenoid glycosides that can be extracted from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'').Toshihiro Akihisa, Naoki Higo, Harukuni Tokuda, Motohiko Ukiya, Hiroyuki Akazawa, Yuichi Tochigi, Yumiko Kimura, Takashi Suzuki, and Hoyoku Nishino (2007), "Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Fruits of ''Momordica charantia'' and Their Cancer Chemopreventive Effects". ''Journal of Natural Products'', volume 70, pages 1233-1239. Jie-Qing Liu, Jian-Chao Chen, Cui-Fang Wang and Ming-Hua Qiu (2009), "New Cucurbitane Triterpenoids and Steroidal Glycoside from ''Momordica charantia''". ''Molecules'', volume 14, pages 4804-4813 Liva Harinantenaina, Michi Tanaka, Shigeru Takaoka, Munehiro Oda, Orie Mogami, Masayuki Uchida, and Yoshinori Asakawa (2006), "''Momordica charantia'' Constituents and Antidiabetic Screening of the Isolated Major Compounds". ''Chem. Pharm. Bull.'' volume 54, issue 7, pages 1017—1021. Jie‐Qing Liu, Jian‐Chao C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordicin-28
Momordicin-28 or 13-hydroxy-28-methoxy-urs-11-en-3-one is a triterpene compound with formula found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia'').Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), ''Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia.'' Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as fine needles that melt at 121−122 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others. See also * Momordicin I * Momordicinin * Momordicilin * Momordenol Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform ... * Momordol References {{reflist Triterpenes Tertiary alcohols Ketones [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordicinin
Momordicinin (13β,28-epoxy-urs-11-en-3-one) is chemical compound, a triterpene with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as irregular plates that melt at 146−147 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others. See also * Momordicin I * Momordicin-28 * Momordicilin * Momordenol Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform ... * Momordol References {{reflist Triterpenes Ketones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordicilin
Momordicilin or 24- ′-hydroxy,1′-methyl-2′-pentenyloxylursan-3-one is a chemical compound, a triterpenoid with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia'').Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), ''Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia.'' Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as needles that melt at 170−171 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others. See also * Momordicin I * Momordicin-28 * Momordicinin * Momordenol Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform ... * Momordol References Triterpenes Ketones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordenol
Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform or petrol. It crystallizes as fine needles that melt at 160–161 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others. See also * Momordicilin * Momordicin I * Momordicin-28 * Momordicinin * Momordol * Stigmasterol Stigmasterol – a plant sterol (''phytosterol'') – is among the most abundant of plant sterols, having a major function to maintain the structure and physiology of cell membranes. In the European Union, it is a food additive listed with E num ... References {{Phytosterols Phytosterols Ketones Sterols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momordol
Momordol or 1-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-2- ′,10′-dihydroxy-4′,7′-dimethyl-11′-hydroxy methyl-trideca3-ethyl-cyclohex-5-en-4-one is a chemical compound with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia'').Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), ''Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia.'' Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is an oily liquid, soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform or petrol. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others. See also * Momordicin I * Momordicin-28 * Momordicinin * Momordicilin * Momordenol Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (''Momordica charantia''). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform ... References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triterpenes
Triterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of three terpene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids. Structures Triterpenes exist in a great variety of structures. Nearly 200 different skeletons have been identified. These skeletons may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. In general pentacyclic structures (5 rings) tend to dominate. Squalene is biosynthesized through the head-to-head condensation of two farnesyl pyrophosphate units. This coupling converts a pair of C15 components into a C30 product. Squalene serves as precursor for the formation of many triterpenoids, including bacterial hopanoids and eukaryotic sterols. Triterpenoids By definition triterpenoids are triterpenes that possess heteroatoms, usually oxygen. The terms ''triterpene'' and ''triterpenoid'' of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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