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Mikulovice (Jeseník District)
Mikulovice (german: Niklasdorf, pl, Mikułowice) is a municipality and village in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,500 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Kolnovice and Široký Brod are administrative parts of Mikulovice. Geography Mikulovice lies approximately north-east of Jeseník, north of Olomouc, and east of Prague. It is located on the border with Poland. Mikulovice lies in the valley of the Bělá River. The Olešnice flows to the Bělá in the village. The municipality is located in the Zlatohorská Highlands. History The first written mention of Mikulovice is from 1263. It was founded in the 13th century, during the colonization by the bishops of Wrocław, who owned the area. Mikulovice became part of the Duchy of Nysa, which later on passed under Bohemian suzerainty, and following the duchy's dissolution in 1850, it was incorporated directly into Bohemia. Following World War I, from 1918, it formed pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
Obec (plural: ''obce'') is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition Legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is composed of one or more administrative parts, usually called town parts or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost whole area of the republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller municipalities consist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic. It was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia proper itself, also ruled other lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria. The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century from the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Holy Roman Emperors, and the capital, Prague, was the imperial seat in the late 14th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muna (Mikulovice)
The Muna site is a former Prisoner-of-war camp, POW camp from World War II, ammunition factory and storage plant in the neighborhood of Mikulovice (Jeseník District), Mikulovice (Czech Republic) close to the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. Nowadays, the forested region serves as an industrial park and an area of informal group of non-profit organizations Městečko neziskových organizací Muna, Městečko neziskových organizací. There are 145 buildings of various sizes and age in the area of about 200 hectare, ha, most of them are heavily damaged or completely ruined. History It was decided to build the military ammunition manufacturing plant and depot in the forests between Mikulovice (Jeseník District), Mikulovice and Salisov, Czechoslovakia, Salisov hamlet in 1938 after occupation of Czechoslovak border regions by Nazi Germany. Initially, the project Heeres-Munitionsanstalt Niklasdorf development relied on local unfree labourers, later (from 1941) British and So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Pakosławice
__NOTOC__ Gmina Pakosławice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Pakosławice, which lies approximately north of Nysa and west of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 3,508. Villages Gmina Pakosławice contains the villages and settlements of Biechów, Bykowice, Frączków, Godkowice, Goszowice, Korzękwice, Naczków, Nowaki, Pakosławice, Prusinowice, Radowice, Reńska Wieś, Rzymiany, Słupice, Śmiłowice, Smolice, Spiny and Strobice. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Pakosławice is bordered by the gminas of Grodków, Kamiennik, Łambinowice, Nysa, Otmuchów and Skoroszyce. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Pakosławice is twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Głuchołazy
__NOTOC__ Gmina Głuchołazy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the town of Głuchołazy, which lies approximately south of Nysa and south-west of the regional capital Opole. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 23,707. The gmina contains part of the protected area called Opawskie Mountains Landscape Park. Villages Gmina Głuchołazy includes the following villages and settlements: * Biskupów * Bodzanów *Burgrabice * Charbielin * Gierałcice *Głuchołazy * Jarnołtówek * Konradów * Markowice * Nowy Las *Nowy Świętów * Podlesie * Pokrzywna *Polski Świętów * Rudawa * Sławniowice * Stary Las *Sucha Kamienica * Wilamowice Nyskie Neighbouring gminas Gmina Głuchołazy is bordered by the gminas of Nysa, Otmuchów and Prudnik. It also borders the Czech Republic. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Głuchołazy is twinned with: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister City
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of international links between municipalities akin to what are known as sister cities or twin towns today dating back to the 9th century, the modern concept was first established and adopted worldwide during World War II. Origins of the modern concept The modern concept of town twinning has its roots in the Second World War. More specifically, it was inspired by the bombing of Coventry on 14 November 1940, known as the Coventry Blitz. First conceived by the then Mayor of Coventry, Alfred Robert Grindlay, culminating in his renowned telegram to the people of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in 1942, the idea emerged as a way of establishing solidarity links between cities in allied countries that went through similar devastating events. The comradeshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Městys
Městys (or, unofficially or obsolete, městečko (literally "small town")), translated as "market town", is a status conferred on certain municipalities in the Czech Republic, lying in terms of size and importance higher than that of simple '' obec'' (municipality), but lower than that of ''město'' (city, town). Historically a ''městys'' was a locality which had the right to stage livestock markets (and some other "extraordinary" and annual markets), and it is therefore translated as "market town". The term went out of official use in Czechoslovakia in 1954, but was reintroduced in the Czech Republic in 2006. As of September 2020, there are 228 municipalities on which the status of ''městys'' has been re-admitted. In all cases, these are municipalities that have requested the return of their former title. This title has not been newly awarded to any municipality that would not have it in the past, the law does not even set any specific criteria for it, only procedural competen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Prisoner-of-war Camps In World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (german: Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945). Germany had signed the Third Geneva Convention of 1929, which established provisions relating to the treatment of prisoners of war. * Article 10 required that PoWs should be lodged in adequately heated and lighted buildings where conditions were the same as for German troops. * Articles 27-32 detailed the conditions of labour. Enlisted ranks were required to perform whatever labour they were asked if able to do, so long as it was not dangerous and did not support the German war-effort. Senior Non-commissioned officers (sergeants and above) were required to work only in a supervisory role. Commissioned officers were not required to work, although they could volunteer. The work performed was largely agricultural or industrial, ranging from coal- or potash-mining, stone quarrying, or work in saw mills, breweries, factories, railroad yards, and forests. PoWs hire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalag VIII-B
Stalag VIII-B was a German Army prisoner-of-war camp during World War II, later renumbered Stalag-344, located near the village of Lamsdorf (now Łambinowice) in Silesia. The camp initially occupied barracks built to house British and French prisoners in World War I. At this same location there had been a prisoner camp during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Timeline In the 1860s, the Prussian Army established a training area for artillery at a wooded area near Lamsdorf, a small village connected by rail to Opole and Nysa. During the Franco-Prussian War, a camp for French prisoners of war was established here, which housed some 3000 French POW's. During the First World War, a much larger POW camp was established here with some 90,000 soldiers of various nationalities interned here. After the treaty of Versailles, the camp was closed down. It was reopened in 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (german: Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12 million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result of their living conditionsextreme mis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudetenland
The Sudetenland ( , ; Czech and sk, Sudety) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans. These German speakers had predominated in the border districts of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia since the Middle Ages. Sudetenland had been since the 9th century an integral part of the Czech state (first within the Duchy of Bohemia and later the Kingdom of Bohemia) both geographically and politically. The word "Sudetenland" did not come into being until the early part of the 20th century and did not come to prominence until almost two decades into the century, after World War I, when Austria-Hungary was dismembered and the Sudeten Germans found themselves living in the new country of Czechoslovakia. The ''Sudeten crisis'' of 1938 was provoked by the Pan-Germanist demands of Nazi Germany that the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany, which happened after the later Munich Agr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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