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MicroID
MicroID is a decentralized identity protocol. It was originally developed in 2005 by Jeremie Millerbr> A MicroID is a simple identifier comprising a hashed communication/identity Uniform Resource Identifier, URI (e.g. email, OpenID, and/or Yadis) and claimed URL. Together, the two elements create a hash that can be claimed by third-party services. Ben Laurie demonstrated privacy problems with it in 2006 , as did Chris Erway in a Brown CS Technical Report in 2008 MicroID exchange Here is an example of a MicroID hash, in pseudocode: MicroID = sha1( sha1("mailto:user@example.com") + sha1("http://example.net/") ); The computed MicroID would then be placed on a web page to be claimed. A verifier, which would independently generate the MicroID, would then visit the page to see if the generated MicroID is the same as the MicroID on the page. If they are the same, a claim exists. MicroID is based on a communication Uniform Resource Identifier, URI. Since both the MicroID prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ClaimID
ClaimID was a website that allowed users to create unique profiles that showed personal websites, profiles at other sites, and other biographical information. The goal of ClaimID was to help users collect and screen information created about them and by them on the web, to help them manage their online identity. History ClaimID was founded by Terrell Russell and Fred Stutzman. Both Stutzman and Russell were PhD students at University of North Carolina's Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science when they began the company. There was facility to create OpenID along with creating a new account on ClaimID. By October 2013 this was not working. In August 2007, Peter Saint-Andre submitted an Internet-Draft draft to the IETF defining the MicroID spec. MicroID was a deployed Internet standard designed for use as a lightweight, decentralized identity primitive in web applications and communities. The official HTML metatag was created: The ClaimID was deactivated in Decemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocol (computing)
A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both. Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses predetermined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: ''protocols are to communica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SHA-1
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits. It was designed by the United States National Security Agency, and is a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard. The algorithm has been cryptographically broken but is still widely used. Since 2005, SHA-1 has not been considered secure against well-funded opponents; as of 2010 many organizations have recommended its replacement. NIST formally deprecated use of SHA-1 in 2011 and disallowed its use for digital signatures in 2013, and declared that it should be phased out by 2030. , chosen-prefix attacks against SHA-1 are practical. As such, it is recommended to remove SHA-1 from products as soon as possible and instead use SHA-2 or SHA-3. Replacing SHA-1 is urgent where it is used for digital signatures. All major web browser vendors ceased acceptance of SHA-1 SSL certifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filmweb
Filmweb is an online database of information related to films, television series, actors and film crew personnel. Since 2011, the database also contains video games. Filmweb was launched on March 18, 1998. It is a Polish-language site, and the largest Polish film database. History Filmweb was created by Artur Gortych, and launched on March 18, 1998. On January 20, 2000, it became the first Polish website available through Wireless Application Protocol. In 2005, Filmweb PRO (aimed at entertainment professionals) was launched. On May 20, 2010, the beta version of the website was launched, and Filmweb also started to use a new algorithm, called Gustomierz (''Tastemeter''). Registered users, that have rated at least 50 movies, are able to see how much particular movie is supposed to be liked by them and to find taste similar users. The engine was based on KNN and SVD theories, as well as Filmweb's own studies. The technology is still improved by expressly appointed computer scienti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantic HTML
Semantic HTML is the use of HTML markup to reinforce the semantics, or meaning, of the information in web pages and web applications rather than merely to define its presentation or look. Semantic HTML is processed by traditional web browsers as well as by many other user agents. CSS is used to suggest how it is presented to human users. History HTML has included semantic markup since its inception. In an HTML document, the author may, among other things, "start with a title; add headings and paragraphs; add emphasis to hetext; add images; add links to other pages; nduse various kinds of lists". Various versions of the HTML standard have included presentational markup such as <font> (added in HTML 3.2; removed in HTML 4.0 Strict), <i> (all versions) and <center> (added in HTML 3.2). There are also the semantically neutral span and div elements. Since the late 1990s when Cascading Style Sheets were beginning to work in most browsers, web authors have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brute-force Attack
In cryptography, a brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or passwords with the hope of eventually guessing correctly. This strategy can theoretically be used to break any form of encryption that is not information-theoretically secure. However, in a properly designed cryptosystem the chance of successfully guessing the key is negligible. When cracking passwords, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as the dictionary attack are used because a brute-force search takes too long. Longer passwords, passphrases and keys have more possible values, making them exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones due to diversity of characters. Brute-force attacks can be made less effective by obfuscating the data to be encoded making it more difficult for an attacker to recognize when the code has been cracked or by ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptographic Nonce
In cryptography, a nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication. It is often a random or pseudo-random number issued in an authentication protocol to ensure that each communication session is unique, and therefore that old communications cannot be reused in replay attacks. Nonces can also be useful as initialization vectors and in cryptographic hash functions. Definition A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in a cryptographic communication, in the spirit of a nonce word. They are often random or pseudo-random numbers. Many nonces also include a timestamp to ensure exact timeliness, though this requires clock synchronisation between organisations. The addition of a client nonce ("cnonce") helps to improve the security in some ways as implemented in digest access authentication. To ensure that a nonce is used only once, it should be time-variant (including a suitably fine-grained timestamp in its value), or generated w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocode
In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming languages, it is intended for human reading rather than machine control. Pseudocode typically omits details that are essential for machine implementation of the algorithm, meaning that pseudocode can only be verified by hand. The programming language is augmented with natural language description details, where convenient, or with compact mathematical notation. The reasons for using pseudocode are that it is easier for people to understand than conventional programming language code and that it is an efficient and environment-independent description of the key principles of an algorithm. It is commonly used in textbooks and scientific publications to document ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremie Miller
Jeremie Miller (born ) is an Americans, American Computer programmer, software developer and Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur best known for his role in the development of Jabber.org, Jabber and the release of jabberd, an early implementation of an XMPP server, in 1999. His work contributed to the standardization of the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) by the Internet Engineering Task Force in 2004, and variations of XMPP have since been implemented on WhatsApp, Kik Messenger, and Zoom (software), Zoom. In 2007, Miller became the technical lead for Wikia Search, an open-source search engine initiative. He later co-founded Singly, Inc. in 2010, which introduced Telehash and Locker (software), Locker. The company was later acquired by Appcelerator in 2013. Currently, Miller sits on the Board of Directors, board of directors for Bluesky, a social media platform. Biography Miller is from Cascade, Iowa, and lives in Denver, Colorado. Miller began developing software ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hash Function
A hash function is any Function (mathematics), function that can be used to map data (computing), data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support variable-length output. The values returned by a hash function are called ''hash values'', ''hash codes'', (''hash/message'') ''digests'', or simply ''hashes''. The values are usually used to index a fixed-size table called a ''hash table''. Use of a hash function to index a hash table is called ''hashing'' or ''scatter-storage addressing''. Hash functions and their associated hash tables are used in data storage and retrieval applications to access data in a small and nearly constant time per retrieval. They require an amount of storage space only fractionally greater than the total space required for the data or records themselves. Hashing is a computationally- and storage-space-efficient form of data access that avoids the non-constant access time of ordered and unordered lists and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform Resource Locator
A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as an address on the World Wide Web, Web, is a reference to a web resource, resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP/HTTPS) but are also used for file transfer (File Transfer Protocol, FTP), email (mailto), database access (Java Database Connectivity, JDBC), and many other applications. Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html). History Uniform Resource Locators were defined in in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and the URI working group of the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
